- Post Modifier (post.m) of Noun Phrase:

Post modifier is a word or a group of words which come after the head word of a noun phrase. The types of post modifier are as follows:

- Single words

e.g. the boy here, the man outside, the girl there, etc.
det. H post.m det. H post.m. det. H post.m

- Prepositional phrase (PP)

Prepositional phrases are groups of words which begins with a preposition.
Prepositional phrase can be a preposition + noun or Preposition + noun phrase.

- the common formula of prepositional phrase is as follows:

P.P. = Prep. + N/NP.

PP = Prepositional phrase
Prep. = Preposition
N = Noun
NP = Noun Phrase

The following are prepositions:
in, on, at, for, from, to, under, above, by, with, without, near, after, before. beside, of, besides, etc.

The following are prepositional phrases:
at home, in the house, to school, with my friends, beside my house, etc.

The examples of prepositional phrases as modifiers are as follows:

The students in this class, The books on the table, The windows of my house
det. H Post.m (pp) det. H post.m (PP) det. H post.m (PP)

- Adjective clause (adj.CL)

A clause is a group of words which has a subject and a finite verb.
An adjective clause is a clause which functions as an adjective or a clause which modifies the noun in front of it.

e.g. The man who teaches English, The book which you bought
det. H post.m (adj.Cl) det. H post.m (adj. Cl)

- Present participial Phrase/Ving (pres.p)

e.g. The man standing there, the student sleeping in my room.
Det. H Post.m. (pres.p) det H Post.m. (pres.p)

- Past participial Phrase/V.3 (past.P)

e.g. The play written by Shakespeare , The car made in Japan
det. H post.m (past.p) det H post. M (past.p)

- To Infinitive Phrase

e.g. the opportunity to get a job
det. H post. M (to inf.phr)

Pre Modifier of a Noun Phrase

Words which come before a head word of a noun phrase are called Pre Modifier. The kinds of pre modifiers are as follows:

1. Determiner (det). : all, the, a , this, that, these, those, some, any, many, much, a lot of, little, a little, few, a few, several, each, my, your, his, her, our, their, etc.

e.g. a book , all students, your house, much money, etc.
det. H det. H det. H det H

2. Number (num.): one, two, three, four, … , first, second, third, fourth, ….

e.g. two days, three ministers, the first person, the second woman, etc.
num. H Num. H det. num. H det. num. H

3. Adjective (adj.) including adjective phrase such as very beautiful, extremely important, fairly good etc.)

e.g. good books , those two very good pictures, the best student etc.

adj. H det. num. Adj. H det. adj. H

4. present participle /Ving (pres.p)

e.g. waiting rooms, no smoking area, two modern washing machine, etc.
pres. p H det. pres. p H num. adj. pres. p H

5. Past participle/V3 ((past.p) including adverb + past participle such as badly damaged, well written, seriously injured, etc.)

e.g. a written test, a badly managed program, spoken language, etc.
det. past.p H det. past p. H past. p H

6. Noun (N)

e.g. book cover, two good book covers, family life, etc.
N H num. adj. N H N H

- Noun Clause

Noun Clause (NCL) is a dependent clause which functions as a noun. The position of a noun clause in a sentence is the same as that of noun or noun phrase. Noun clause can become the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.

(Noun Clause adalah jenis dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda). Posisi noun clause dalam kalimat sama dengan fungsi noun atau noun phrase; yaitu bisa sebagai subject, object, atau complement suatu kalimat.)



Look at the examples below:

1. What you do is true. (NCL as a subject)
(Apa yang kau lakukan benar.)

2. That she can speak many languages is a fact. (NCL as a subject)
(Bahwa dia bisa berbicara banyak bahasa adalah fakta.)

3. I know what you do every night.(NCL as an object)
(Saya tahu apa yang kau kerjakan tiap malam.)

4. She knows that you love her. (NCL as an object)
(Dia tahu bahwa kau mencintainya.)

5. This is what you want. (NCL as a complement)
(Ini adalah apa yang kau inginkan.)