- Adverbial Clause

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause which functions as an adverb. It modifies the main clause. The subordinating conjunctions which are usually used in this clause are when, because, until, although, since, while, after, before, etc. Look at the examples below:




Examples (the underlined are adverbial clauses):
(a) When I was in Jakarta, I saw several plays.
(b) I saw several plays when I was in Jakarta.
(c) Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
(d) He went to bed because he was sleepy.
(e) I came to the meeting although I was busy.
(f) I go to campus after I have breakfast.
(g) I take a bath before I have breakfast.

Exercises:
Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an adverb clause. Use the
appropriate subordinating conjunction.

01. She took a bath. She went to campus.
02. She did not come to the meeting. He was sick.
03. The teacher was explaining the English clauses. Someone knocked at the door.
04. She has known him. He was a child.

- Exercises of Adjective Clauses

Fill in the balks with who, whom, which, or whose.
(the key is available below)

01. He is the student ______ always arrives late.
02. Saudi Arabia is a country ______ exports oil all over the world.
03. Give it to the man ______ you already know.
04. Do you know the doctor ________ children I teach?
05. I like novels _______ deal with philosophical questions.
06. Everyone ______ took the tour was impressed by the paintings.
07. He was the only American ________ I saw at the conference.
08. The girl ______ father teaches English studies in UAD.
09. I come from the country ________ history goes back thousands of years.
10. I liked the composition _______ you wrote.
11. The book _______ you read is good.
12. The man ________ works in a bank is my uncle.
13. I met the woman ________ husband teaches English in UAD.
14. The boy ______ you teach is my son.
15. Do you know the man ________ is standing there?





Key: 1. who 2. which 3. whom 4. whose 5. which 6. who 7. whom 8. whose

9. whose 10. which 11. which 12. who 13. whose 14. whom 15. who

- Adjective Clause Using "whose"

The relative pronoun whose is used to relate the adjective clause which contains possessive adjective pronoun. Look at the examples below:

1. The girl can speak Japanese language.
Her father teachis English.
-> The girl whose father teaches English can speak Japanese language

2. The man teaches English.
His wife teaches Mathematics.
-> The man whose wife teaches Mathematics teaches English.


3. The woman can speak English fluently.
Her son is my friend.
-> The woman whose son is my friend can speak English fluently.

4. I study in a university.
Its students come from many countries.
-> I study in a university whose students come from many countries.

- Online English Courses: - Adjective clause using "which"

The relative pronoun which is used to combine adjective clause with the noun which is not human (thing). To know the use of which as the relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:

1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.

2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.



The relative pronoun which can be replaced by that. Therefore, the examples above can be shown as follows:

1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.
--> The book that is on the table is very good.

2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.
---> The car that I bought yesterday was expensive.

- Online English Courses: - Adjective Clause using "who" and "whom"

Adjective clause is a clause (a construction containing S V)which functions as an adjctive. This clause modifies a noun preceeding it. When the noun is human as subject, the subordinative conjunction used is who while whom is used with the noun which is human as an object. To know the different use of who and whom as relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:



1. The man is my father.
He (the man) teaches English.
--> The man who teaches English is my father.

2. The man is my father.
You met him (the man) yesterday.
--> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.

3. I meet the man.
He works in a bank.
-->I meet the man who works in a bank.

4. I meet the man.
Sally loves him (the man).
--> I meet the man whom Sally loves.

- Online English Courses: Noun Clause derived from Statement

To make a noun clause derived from statement is easier than that of derived from Wh. Question. We only add the suobordinative conjunction that to the statement altered to be a noun clause.


The examples of the statements are as follows:

1. She is a good student.
2. He cannot speak English.
3. John works in Jakarta.

The noun clause derived from the above statements are shown below:

1. Statement : She is a good student.
Noun Clause : I think that she is a good student. (Noun Clause as an object)
2. Statement : He cannot speak English.
Noun Clause : That he cannot speak English is a fact. (Noun Clause as a suvject)

3. Statement : John works in Jakarta.
Noun Clause : I know that John works in Jakarta. (Noun Clause as an object)

- Online English Courses: - Noun Clause Derived from Wh Question

Noun Clause can be derived from Wh Questions. The structure of Noun Clause in this pattern is different from that of the Wh Question. In All Wh questions (except Subject question), the auxiliary precedes the subject. Look at the examples of Wh question:

1 Where does he go everyday ?
2. Where did he go last night?
3. Why is he here every night?
4. When will he come here?
5. Who sweeps this floor everyday? (does is not necessary; it is a question about sbject.)
6.What is she reading ?
7. Who is at the door? (Subject question.)

The Noun Clause derived from the questions above can be seen below. The italized is Noun Clause. The bold is the important thing to be paid attention to.

1. Question : Where does he go everyday?
Noun Clause : I know where he goes everyday. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : I know where does he do everyday)

2. Question : Where did he go last night?
Noun Clause : No body knows where he went last night. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : No body knows where did he go last night.)

3. Question : Why is he here every night? Noun Clause : Why he is here every night is not my bussiness. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : Why is he here every night is not my bussiness. )

4. Question : When will he come here?
Noun Clause : I wonder when he will come. (Noun clause as an object)
(Wrong: I wonder when will he come.)

5. Question : Who sweeps this floor everyday?
Noun Clause : Does she know who sweeps the floor every day? (Noun clause as an object)

6. Question : What is she reading ?
Noun Clause : What she is reading is a good novel. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : What is she reading is a good novel.)

7. Question : Who is at the door?
Noun Clause : I don't know who is at the door. (Noun Clause as an object)

- Online English Course: - Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause is a dependent clause which functions an adjective, which modifies noun. The subordinating conjunctions used in adjective clause are that, who, whom, whose, which, where and when. Look at the examples below. The italic clauses are adjective clauses.

1. The man who is standing there is my father.
2. I know the man whom you love.
3. The book which is on the table is mine.
4. Yogyakarta is the city where I was born.
5. Sunday is the day when I met her.
6. She met the woman that you met.
7. The book that you are reading is good.
8. Th student that is from China can speak English fluently.
9. The girl whose father teaches English is my friend.

- Noun Clause

Noun Clause (NCL) is a dependent clause which functions as a noun. The position of a noun clause in a sentence is the same as that of noun or noun phrase. Noun clause can become the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.

(Noun Clause adalah jenis dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda). Posisi noun clause dalam kalimat sama dengan fungsi noun atau noun phrase; yaitu bisa sebagai subject, object, atau complement suatu kalimat.)



Look at the examples below:

1. What you do is true. (NCL as a subject)
(Apa yang kau lakukan benar.)

2. That she can speak many languages is a fact. (NCL as a subject)
(Bahwa dia bisa berbicara banyak bahasa adalah fakta.)

3. I know what you do every night.(NCL as an object)
(Saya tahu apa yang kau kerjakan tiap malam.)

4. She knows that you love her. (NCL as an object)
(Dia tahu bahwa kau mencintainya.)

5. This is what you want. (NCL as a complement)
(Ini adalah apa yang kau inginkan.)