- Post Modifier (post.m) of Noun Phrase:

Post modifier is a word or a group of words which come after the head word of a noun phrase. The types of post modifier are as follows:

- Single words

e.g. the boy here, the man outside, the girl there, etc.
det. H post.m det. H post.m. det. H post.m

- Prepositional phrase (PP)

Prepositional phrases are groups of words which begins with a preposition.
Prepositional phrase can be a preposition + noun or Preposition + noun phrase.

- the common formula of prepositional phrase is as follows:

P.P. = Prep. + N/NP.

PP = Prepositional phrase
Prep. = Preposition
N = Noun
NP = Noun Phrase

The following are prepositions:
in, on, at, for, from, to, under, above, by, with, without, near, after, before. beside, of, besides, etc.

The following are prepositional phrases:
at home, in the house, to school, with my friends, beside my house, etc.

The examples of prepositional phrases as modifiers are as follows:

The students in this class, The books on the table, The windows of my house
det. H Post.m (pp) det. H post.m (PP) det. H post.m (PP)

- Adjective clause (adj.CL)

A clause is a group of words which has a subject and a finite verb.
An adjective clause is a clause which functions as an adjective or a clause which modifies the noun in front of it.

e.g. The man who teaches English, The book which you bought
det. H post.m (adj.Cl) det. H post.m (adj. Cl)

- Present participial Phrase/Ving (pres.p)

e.g. The man standing there, the student sleeping in my room.
Det. H Post.m. (pres.p) det H Post.m. (pres.p)

- Past participial Phrase/V.3 (past.P)

e.g. The play written by Shakespeare , The car made in Japan
det. H post.m (past.p) det H post. M (past.p)

- To Infinitive Phrase

e.g. the opportunity to get a job
det. H post. M (to inf.phr)

Pre Modifier of a Noun Phrase

Words which come before a head word of a noun phrase are called Pre Modifier. The kinds of pre modifiers are as follows:

1. Determiner (det). : all, the, a , this, that, these, those, some, any, many, much, a lot of, little, a little, few, a few, several, each, my, your, his, her, our, their, etc.

e.g. a book , all students, your house, much money, etc.
det. H det. H det. H det H

2. Number (num.): one, two, three, four, … , first, second, third, fourth, ….

e.g. two days, three ministers, the first person, the second woman, etc.
num. H Num. H det. num. H det. num. H

3. Adjective (adj.) including adjective phrase such as very beautiful, extremely important, fairly good etc.)

e.g. good books , those two very good pictures, the best student etc.

adj. H det. num. Adj. H det. adj. H

4. present participle /Ving (pres.p)

e.g. waiting rooms, no smoking area, two modern washing machine, etc.
pres. p H det. pres. p H num. adj. pres. p H

5. Past participle/V3 ((past.p) including adverb + past participle such as badly damaged, well written, seriously injured, etc.)

e.g. a written test, a badly managed program, spoken language, etc.
det. past.p H det. past p. H past. p H

6. Noun (N)

e.g. book cover, two good book covers, family life, etc.
N H num. adj. N H N H