The relative pronoun which is used to combine adjective clause with the noun which is not human (thing). To know the use of which as the relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:
1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.
2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.
The relative pronoun which can be replaced by that. Therefore, the examples above can be shown as follows:
1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.
--> The book that is on the table is very good.
2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.
---> The car that I bought yesterday was expensive.
Monday, March 31, 2008
Saturday, March 29, 2008
- Online English Courses: - Adjective Clause using "who" and "whom"
Adjective clause is a clause (a construction containing S V)which functions as an adjctive. This clause modifies a noun preceeding it. When the noun is human as subject, the subordinative conjunction used is who while whom is used with the noun which is human as an object. To know the different use of who and whom as relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:
1. The man is my father.
He (the man) teaches English.
--> The man who teaches English is my father.
2. The man is my father.
You met him (the man) yesterday.
--> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.
3. I meet the man.
He works in a bank.
-->I meet the man who works in a bank.
4. I meet the man.
Sally loves him (the man).
--> I meet the man whom Sally loves.
1. The man is my father.
He (the man) teaches English.
--> The man who teaches English is my father.
2. The man is my father.
You met him (the man) yesterday.
--> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.
3. I meet the man.
He works in a bank.
-->I meet the man who works in a bank.
4. I meet the man.
Sally loves him (the man).
--> I meet the man whom Sally loves.
- Online English Courses: Noun Clause derived from Statement
To make a noun clause derived from statement is easier than that of derived from Wh. Question. We only add the suobordinative conjunction that to the statement altered to be a noun clause.
The examples of the statements are as follows:
1. She is a good student.
2. He cannot speak English.
3. John works in Jakarta.
The noun clause derived from the above statements are shown below:
1. Statement : She is a good student.
Noun Clause : I think that she is a good student. (Noun Clause as an object)
2. Statement : He cannot speak English.
Noun Clause : That he cannot speak English is a fact. (Noun Clause as a suvject)
3. Statement : John works in Jakarta.
Noun Clause : I know that John works in Jakarta. (Noun Clause as an object)
The examples of the statements are as follows:
1. She is a good student.
2. He cannot speak English.
3. John works in Jakarta.
The noun clause derived from the above statements are shown below:
1. Statement : She is a good student.
Noun Clause : I think that she is a good student. (Noun Clause as an object)
2. Statement : He cannot speak English.
Noun Clause : That he cannot speak English is a fact. (Noun Clause as a suvject)
3. Statement : John works in Jakarta.
Noun Clause : I know that John works in Jakarta. (Noun Clause as an object)
Friday, March 28, 2008
- Online English Courses: - Simple Sentence
Simple sentence is a sentence which has one independent clause ( one subject and one predicate or one construction of S V)). An Independent clause is a clause which can stand alone as a sentence. The examples of simple sentence is as follows:
1. I am a teacher.
2. The young beautiful girl studies in Ahmad Dahlan University in Yogyakarta.
3. My father bought a new car last month.
4. The teacher looks tired.
5. They are watching TV.
1. I am a teacher.
2. The young beautiful girl studies in Ahmad Dahlan University in Yogyakarta.
3. My father bought a new car last month.
4. The teacher looks tired.
5. They are watching TV.
- Online English Courses : - Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Pattern:
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN +V ING
This tense is used to show the duration of an activity which started in the past and continues to the present. It is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day, all week .
Examples:
Ahmad is talking on the phone. He has been talking on the phone for over a half an hour. He should hung up soon. Long distance is expensive.
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN +V ING
This tense is used to show the duration of an activity which started in the past and continues to the present. It is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day, all week .
Examples:
Ahmad is talking on the phone. He has been talking on the phone for over a half an hour. He should hung up soon. Long distance is expensive.
Saturday, March 22, 2008
- Online English Courses: - Noun Clause Derived from Wh Question
Noun Clause can be derived from Wh Questions. The structure of Noun Clause in this pattern is different from that of the Wh Question. In All Wh questions (except Subject question), the auxiliary precedes the subject. Look at the examples of Wh question:
1 Where does he go everyday ?
2. Where did he go last night?
3. Why is he here every night?
4. When will he come here?
5. Who sweeps this floor everyday? (does is not necessary; it is a question about sbject.)
6.What is she reading ?
7. Who is at the door? (Subject question.)
The Noun Clause derived from the questions above can be seen below. The italized is Noun Clause. The bold is the important thing to be paid attention to.
1. Question : Where does he go everyday?
Noun Clause : I know where he goes everyday. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : I know where does he do everyday)
2. Question : Where did he go last night?
Noun Clause : No body knows where he went last night. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : No body knows where did he go last night.)
3. Question : Why is he here every night? Noun Clause : Why he is here every night is not my bussiness. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : Why is he here every night is not my bussiness. )
4. Question : When will he come here?
Noun Clause : I wonder when he will come. (Noun clause as an object)
(Wrong: I wonder when will he come.)
5. Question : Who sweeps this floor everyday?
Noun Clause : Does she know who sweeps the floor every day? (Noun clause as an object)
6. Question : What is she reading ?
Noun Clause : What she is reading is a good novel. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : What is she reading is a good novel.)
7. Question : Who is at the door?
Noun Clause : I don't know who is at the door. (Noun Clause as an object)
1 Where does he go everyday ?
2. Where did he go last night?
3. Why is he here every night?
4. When will he come here?
5. Who sweeps this floor everyday? (does is not necessary; it is a question about sbject.)
6.What is she reading ?
7. Who is at the door? (Subject question.)
The Noun Clause derived from the questions above can be seen below. The italized is Noun Clause. The bold is the important thing to be paid attention to.
1. Question : Where does he go everyday?
Noun Clause : I know where he goes everyday. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : I know where does he do everyday)
2. Question : Where did he go last night?
Noun Clause : No body knows where he went last night. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : No body knows where did he go last night.)
3. Question : Why is he here every night? Noun Clause : Why he is here every night is not my bussiness. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : Why is he here every night is not my bussiness. )
4. Question : When will he come here?
Noun Clause : I wonder when he will come. (Noun clause as an object)
(Wrong: I wonder when will he come.)
5. Question : Who sweeps this floor everyday?
Noun Clause : Does she know who sweeps the floor every day? (Noun clause as an object)
6. Question : What is she reading ?
Noun Clause : What she is reading is a good novel. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : What is she reading is a good novel.)
7. Question : Who is at the door?
Noun Clause : I don't know who is at the door. (Noun Clause as an object)
- Online English Course: - Adjective Clause
Adjective Clause is a dependent clause which functions an adjective, which modifies noun. The subordinating conjunctions used in adjective clause are that, who, whom, whose, which, where and when. Look at the examples below. The italic clauses are adjective clauses.
1. The man who is standing there is my father.
2. I know the man whom you love.
3. The book which is on the table is mine.
4. Yogyakarta is the city where I was born.
5. Sunday is the day when I met her.
6. She met the woman that you met.
7. The book that you are reading is good.
8. Th student that is from China can speak English fluently.
9. The girl whose father teaches English is my friend.
1. The man who is standing there is my father.
2. I know the man whom you love.
3. The book which is on the table is mine.
4. Yogyakarta is the city where I was born.
5. Sunday is the day when I met her.
6. She met the woman that you met.
7. The book that you are reading is good.
8. Th student that is from China can speak English fluently.
9. The girl whose father teaches English is my friend.
Friday, March 14, 2008
- Noun Clause
Noun Clause (NCL) is a dependent clause which functions as a noun. The position of a noun clause in a sentence is the same as that of noun or noun phrase. Noun clause can become the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.
(Noun Clause adalah jenis dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda). Posisi noun clause dalam kalimat sama dengan fungsi noun atau noun phrase; yaitu bisa sebagai subject, object, atau complement suatu kalimat.)
Look at the examples below:
1. What you do is true. (NCL as a subject)
(Apa yang kau lakukan benar.)
2. That she can speak many languages is a fact. (NCL as a subject)
(Bahwa dia bisa berbicara banyak bahasa adalah fakta.)
3. I know what you do every night.(NCL as an object)
(Saya tahu apa yang kau kerjakan tiap malam.)
4. She knows that you love her. (NCL as an object)
(Dia tahu bahwa kau mencintainya.)
5. This is what you want. (NCL as a complement)
(Ini adalah apa yang kau inginkan.)
(Noun Clause adalah jenis dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda). Posisi noun clause dalam kalimat sama dengan fungsi noun atau noun phrase; yaitu bisa sebagai subject, object, atau complement suatu kalimat.)
Look at the examples below:
1. What you do is true. (NCL as a subject)
(Apa yang kau lakukan benar.)
2. That she can speak many languages is a fact. (NCL as a subject)
(Bahwa dia bisa berbicara banyak bahasa adalah fakta.)
3. I know what you do every night.(NCL as an object)
(Saya tahu apa yang kau kerjakan tiap malam.)
4. She knows that you love her. (NCL as an object)
(Dia tahu bahwa kau mencintainya.)
5. This is what you want. (NCL as a complement)
(Ini adalah apa yang kau inginkan.)
- Online English Courses: - There is/are/will be/ … (ada…)
- There is/was + S (singular/uncountable noun) …… (ada….)
- There are/were + S (Plural) ……. (ada….)
- There is/was/are/were not …… (tidak ada…)
- Is/was/are/were there + S ……. (adakah/apakah ada….)
Examples:
• There is a book on the table.
(ada sebuah buku di atas meja)
• There is much water in my well.
(ada banyak air di sumurku)
• There are two men in the street.
(ada dua orang dijalan)
• There were 30 people attending the meeting yesterday.
(ada 30 orang yang menghadiri rapat kemarin.)
• There will be a concert tomorrow.
(akan ada konser besok)
• There must be an air condition in each class.
(harus ada AC di tiap kelas.)
• There used to be a big building near this river.
(dulu ada sebuah bangunan besar di dekat sungai ini.)
Exercises:
a. Fill in the blank with is or are.
01. There ……… many Chinese shops along that street.
02. There ……… a little path to that house.
03. There ……….. two narrow windows on the wall of that room.
04. There ………. two more persons dying in the hospital.
05. There ……….. an important letter left in the taxi.
06. There……… no more time for the examination.
07. There ………. not many students interested in this matter.
08. There ………… much trouble in your way.
09. Hanging on the nail, there ………… an old gun.
10. To put him into prison, there …………… not enough strong evidences.
11. There ………. enough people to help you.
12. In that old big box there …….. a skeleton, necessary for the investigation.
b. Translate into English.
01. Ada sepuluh orang di kelas ini.
02. Ada cukup uang untuk membeli sebuah buku.
03. Ada sesuatu untuk anda.
04. Ada banyak menteri di pertemuan itu.
05. Tidak ada buku di atas mejamu.
06. Apakah ada banyak kursi di ruangan itu?
07. Berapa banyak siswa ada dalam kelas itu?
08. Ada sebuah rumah sakit disamping rumahku.
09. Ada banyak binatang di kebun binatang itu tahun lalu.
10. Akan ada sebuah pertandingan sepak bola besok.
11. Harus ada lampu lalu lintas di perempatan jalan itu.
12. Ada sebuah universitas yang bagus di Yogyakarta.
- There are/were + S (Plural) ……. (ada….)
- There is/was/are/were not …… (tidak ada…)
- Is/was/are/were there + S ……. (adakah/apakah ada….)
Examples:
• There is a book on the table.
(ada sebuah buku di atas meja)
• There is much water in my well.
(ada banyak air di sumurku)
• There are two men in the street.
(ada dua orang dijalan)
• There were 30 people attending the meeting yesterday.
(ada 30 orang yang menghadiri rapat kemarin.)
• There will be a concert tomorrow.
(akan ada konser besok)
• There must be an air condition in each class.
(harus ada AC di tiap kelas.)
• There used to be a big building near this river.
(dulu ada sebuah bangunan besar di dekat sungai ini.)
Exercises:
a. Fill in the blank with is or are.
01. There ……… many Chinese shops along that street.
02. There ……… a little path to that house.
03. There ……….. two narrow windows on the wall of that room.
04. There ………. two more persons dying in the hospital.
05. There ……….. an important letter left in the taxi.
06. There……… no more time for the examination.
07. There ………. not many students interested in this matter.
08. There ………… much trouble in your way.
09. Hanging on the nail, there ………… an old gun.
10. To put him into prison, there …………… not enough strong evidences.
11. There ………. enough people to help you.
12. In that old big box there …….. a skeleton, necessary for the investigation.
b. Translate into English.
01. Ada sepuluh orang di kelas ini.
02. Ada cukup uang untuk membeli sebuah buku.
03. Ada sesuatu untuk anda.
04. Ada banyak menteri di pertemuan itu.
05. Tidak ada buku di atas mejamu.
06. Apakah ada banyak kursi di ruangan itu?
07. Berapa banyak siswa ada dalam kelas itu?
08. Ada sebuah rumah sakit disamping rumahku.
09. Ada banyak binatang di kebun binatang itu tahun lalu.
10. Akan ada sebuah pertandingan sepak bola besok.
11. Harus ada lampu lalu lintas di perempatan jalan itu.
12. Ada sebuah universitas yang bagus di Yogyakarta.
Monday, March 10, 2008
- Online English courses: - Present Perfect Tense
Pattern :
(Pola : )
S + HAVE/HAS + V. III (PAST PARTICIPLE)
S (he, she, it, singular/uncountable noun) + has + V. III (past participle)
S ( they, we, I, you, plural noun) + have + V. III (past participle)
Presen Perfect Tense is used to express something which is perfectly completed now. The exact time when it happened is not important. when the specific past time is mentioned, past tense is used.
(present perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sekarang telah selesai dilakukan. Kapan waktu sesuatu itu telah selesai dilakukan tidaklah penting, yang penting sekarang sudah. Kalau ada keterangan waktu lampau disebutkan, maka Past Tense lah yang digunakan.)
Examples:
Contoh:
- She has gone. (dia telah/sudah pergi)
- I have moved into a new house. (Saya telah pindah ke rumah baru)
- He has finished teaching (Dia telah selesai mengajar)
But
- She went last night. (Dia pergi tadi malam)
- I moved to a new apartment yesterday. (Saya pindah ke rumah baru kemarin)
- He finished teaching three hours ago. (Dia selesai mengajar tiga jam yang lalu)
Present Perfect is also used to express a situation that began in the past and continues to the present. In this case the adverb of time using since and for is used.
(Prsent Perfect juga digunakan untuk menyatakan situasi yang dimulai diwaktu lampau dan berlanjut sampai sekarang. Di sini keterangan waktu yang menggunakan since dan for digunakan.)
Examples:
(Contoh:)
• She has been here since seven o’clock. (Dia telah disini sejak jam tujuh)
• I have known him for many years. (Saya telah kenal dia selama bertahun-tahun)
since + a particular time (sine + titik waktu)
for + a duration of time (for + lamanya waktu/durasi waktu)
Exercise: Use simple past Tense or present perfect Tense.(Pola : )
S + HAVE/HAS + V. III (PAST PARTICIPLE)
S (he, she, it, singular/uncountable noun) + has + V. III (past participle)
S ( they, we, I, you, plural noun) + have + V. III (past participle)
Presen Perfect Tense is used to express something which is perfectly completed now. The exact time when it happened is not important. when the specific past time is mentioned, past tense is used.
(present perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sekarang telah selesai dilakukan. Kapan waktu sesuatu itu telah selesai dilakukan tidaklah penting, yang penting sekarang sudah. Kalau ada keterangan waktu lampau disebutkan, maka Past Tense lah yang digunakan.)
Examples:
Contoh:
- She has gone. (dia telah/sudah pergi)
- I have moved into a new house. (Saya telah pindah ke rumah baru)
- He has finished teaching (Dia telah selesai mengajar)
But
- She went last night. (Dia pergi tadi malam)
- I moved to a new apartment yesterday. (Saya pindah ke rumah baru kemarin)
- He finished teaching three hours ago. (Dia selesai mengajar tiga jam yang lalu)
Present Perfect is also used to express a situation that began in the past and continues to the present. In this case the adverb of time using since and for is used.
(Prsent Perfect juga digunakan untuk menyatakan situasi yang dimulai diwaktu lampau dan berlanjut sampai sekarang. Di sini keterangan waktu yang menggunakan since dan for digunakan.)
Examples:
(Contoh:)
• She has been here since seven o’clock. (Dia telah disini sejak jam tujuh)
• I have known him for many years. (Saya telah kenal dia selama bertahun-tahun)
since + a particular time (sine + titik waktu)
for + a duration of time (for + lamanya waktu/durasi waktu)
(Latihan: Gunakan Simple Past Tense atau Present Perfect Tense.)
1. Claudio (go) ……………. to a party at Susi’s apartment last Saturday night.
2. Ahmad (arrive) ………………. here three days ago.
3. Jono (be) ……………. here since last week.
4. Last January, I (see) …………. snow for the first time in my life.
5. In her whole lifetime, Salma (never, see) ……………… snow.
6. I (know) …………… Sharly for ten years.
7. I (be) ……….. in Jakarta last year.
8. Fatimah’s hair (be) ……. dirty two hours ago. Now it is clean. She (wash) …… her hair.
Key: 1. went, 2. arrived, 3. has been, 4. saw, 5. has never seen, 6. have known, 7. was, 8. was, has washed
- Online English Courses: - Exercise of using "be(am, is, are, was, were)" and "do(do, does, did)"
Fill the blanks with , am, is, are, was, were, do, does, or did
(the key is available below)
Isilah dengan am, is, are, was, were, do, does, atau did
(kunci tersedia dibawah)
01. My parents ....... in Jakarta now.
02. ….. you have any stamps ? I need one now.
03. John …… not always study at night.
04. They ……. not play tennis last week.
05. Computer …… so popular in all level of people now.
06. When I came into his room, He ….. not there.
07. Where …… you last night ?
08. …… Edi and Sam swim once a week?
09. We …… not hungry now but last night I ……. very hungry.
10. Where ….. he go yesterday?
11. ……. your mother sweep the floor every morning?
12. I ….. not here last week.
13. The students ………. playing football now.
14. What ……… he doing when you entered his room?
15. We …….. discussing about the situation of our country at 11 o’clock last night.
16. Why …… you angry when she gave you something ?
17. Look! That man ……… trying to open the door of your car.
18. ……… the sun rise in the west ?
19. …… he a diligent student when he studied in senior high school?
20. His parents ………. not know that he works part time besides studying in a university.
Key:
1. are
2. Do
3. does
4. did
5. is
6. was
7. were
8. Do
9. are, was
10. did
11. Does
12. was
13. are
14. was
15. were
16. were
17. is
18. Does
19. was
20. do
(the key is available below)
Isilah dengan am, is, are, was, were, do, does, atau did
(kunci tersedia dibawah)
01. My parents ....... in Jakarta now.
02. ….. you have any stamps ? I need one now.
03. John …… not always study at night.
04. They ……. not play tennis last week.
05. Computer …… so popular in all level of people now.
06. When I came into his room, He ….. not there.
07. Where …… you last night ?
08. …… Edi and Sam swim once a week?
09. We …… not hungry now but last night I ……. very hungry.
10. Where ….. he go yesterday?
11. ……. your mother sweep the floor every morning?
12. I ….. not here last week.
13. The students ………. playing football now.
14. What ……… he doing when you entered his room?
15. We …….. discussing about the situation of our country at 11 o’clock last night.
16. Why …… you angry when she gave you something ?
17. Look! That man ……… trying to open the door of your car.
18. ……… the sun rise in the west ?
19. …… he a diligent student when he studied in senior high school?
20. His parents ………. not know that he works part time besides studying in a university.
Key:
1. are
2. Do
3. does
4. did
5. is
6. was
7. were
8. Do
9. are, was
10. did
11. Does
12. was
13. are
14. was
15. were
16. were
17. is
18. Does
19. was
20. do
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