English Course

Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th Edition

2011-11-22T15:23:00.000+07:00

A classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced students of English, Understanding and Using English Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar as well as a stimulating and teachable classroom text.

While keeping the same basic approach and material as in earlier editions, the Fourth Edition more fully develops communicative and interactive language-learning activities. Some of the new features are:

Innovative warm-up exercises that precede the grammar charts and introduce points to be taught
Structure-based listening exercises ranging from casual speech to academic content
Academic readings that highlight the targeted grammar structures
Greatly expanded speaking practice with extensive pair, group and class work
Corpus-informed syllabus that reflects the discourse patterns of spoken and written English
Audio CDs and listening script in the back of the Student Book

The program components include the Student Book (Full Edition and Volume A and Volume B), Workbook (Full Edition and Volume A and Volume B), Chartbook, Teacher's Guide, and Test Bank. Click on "Course-Specific Resources" on the left for more details.

Causative "Have"

2010-03-22T07:59:00.001+07:00

In Indonesian, "have" in the pattern of causative "have" means 'menyuruh'. The causative "have" is used in the following patterns:

1. S + HAVE + OBJECT (HUMAN) + STEM (VERB 1)

Example:

The teacher always has the students study hard.

(Guru selalu menyuruh siswa belajar keras.

2. S + HAVE + OBJECT (THING) + PAST PARTICIPLE (VERB3)

Example:

I will have my radio repaired.

(saya akan menyuruh (orang lain) radio saya diperbaiki.)

Answer Keys of Vocabulary Exercise

2009-11-04T09:38:00.005+07:00

Here are the keys for the vocabulary exercises which are useful for you to increase your English vocabulary

1. refreshed
2. unconscious
3. receipt
4. originality
5. mass
6. standard
7. permanent
8. pressure
9. permission
10. harvest
11. heading
12. a sample
13. saddle
14. plough
15. males
16. borrow
17. impatient
18. rather
19. bill
20. detail

Increasing Your English Vocabulary (Do the Exercise Below)

2009-11-04T09:30:00.005+07:00

In each of the following sentences, there are five words or phrases in brackets. Select the one which makes the best sense.

1. After my long walk I was pleased to have an iced drink: I found it ( lived, drunk, refreshed, tired, upstarted) me.

2. After the car had knocked her down, she lay (asleep, thoughtless, unconscious, unimaginative, unknown) for half an hour.

3. After you have paid a bill you are given a (cash, expenditure, receipt, reception, recipe) to show that you have paid.

4. An artist who does not copy others but paints in a new way shows (intention, novel, originality, reality, will-power).

5. An island is a (bait, heap, mass, mess, size) of land with water all around it.

6. All the workers complained that the price of the food had increased, so that their (cost, mark, price, rule, standard) of living had fallen.

7. A small child has teeth which fall out when it is between five and twelve years old; then it gets (general, habitual, long, ordinary, permanent) teeth.

8. A steam engine is driven by the ( influence, pressure, strength, vitality, weight) of steam.

9. As John felt ill, the teacher gave him (allowance, excuse, permission, permit, power) to go home.

10. At (finish, harvest, market, ripen, section) time, all the women of the village come together to cut the rice.

11. At the top of your letter, you must put the (capital, captivating, guarantee, heading, head-line) “private & personal.”

12. Before a merchant buys cloth from another country, he wants to see a small piece as (a case, an example, an idea, a sample, a trial).

13. Before getting on a horse, you usually put a (base, coach, leather, saddle, seat) on its back.

14. Before sowing seeds, farmer usually have ( harvest, plough, plod, scratch, turn) their field.

15. Boys and men are (adults, humans, males, masculines, fellows), but girls and women are not.

16. Can I (borrow, hire, lend, owe, rent) some money from you? I’ve lost my bag.

17. (exciting, Impassive, Impatient, Patient, Pleasant) people are angry and unhappy if they have to wait a few minutes for something.

18. “Have you any shoes a little wider than these? These are (about, a few, nearly, not quite, rather) narrow for me.”

19. Have you paid the (bill, cheque, debt, debt, note, sum) for $10 that the garage sent you?

20. He didn’t describe what happened in (delicate, detail, little, small, smallness); he only told me the most important facts.

Accurate English: A Complete Course in Pronunciation

2009-07-01T07:01:00.000+07:00

This pronunciation text helps students achieve a near-native accent. *Teaches vowels, consonants, rhythm, stress, and intonation using principles of articulatory phonetics. *Provides precise illustrations of lip positions of vowels and consonants, and a diagnostic speech sample. *Reinforces theory with numerous practice exercises that include phrases, dialogues, reading passages, and oral presentations. *Includes spelling patterns for ordinary words and academic words.

Aimed at enabling readers to improve their pronunciation of English so they can be understood effortlessly by native speakers in both formal and informal situations, this handbook teaches the vowels, consonants, rhythm, and intonation of American English using the principles of articulatory phonetics. Stressing a cognitive approach to learning and providing do-it-yourself exercises designed to put theory into practice, the reference hands readers techniques for improving their accents ... provides steps for working up from phrases to dialogues, reading passages, and oral presentations ... includes spelling patterns for ordinary words, academic words, and exceptions, as well as rules for stress placement ... offers detailed treatment of rhythm, including reduction and linking ... and contains a diagnostic speech sample and self analysis to help readers pinpoint their own language problems. Ideal for individuals who are non-native speakers of English and want to achieve a near-native accent.

Need + Ving (Passive Meaning)

2009-07-01T06:52:00.001+07:00

Need + Ving means passive. Look at the examples below

This radio needs repairing.
'Radio ini perlu diperbailki'.

This wall needs painting.
'Dinding ini perlu dicat'.

This floor needs sweeping.
'lantai ini perlu disapu'.

Used to (Past Custom)

2009-07-01T06:27:00.004+07:00

Used to is used to express past custom. In Indonesian langugae used to means 'dulu'. The pattern is as follows:

Subject + Used to + V (Stem)......

Look at the examples below:

I used to live in Africa.
'Saya dulu tinggal di Afrika'.

She used to be my wife.
'Dia dulu istriku'.

She used to work in Malaysia.
'Dia dulu bekerja di Malaysia'.

The Standard Deviants - Learn English as a Second Language (ESL) - Pronouns, Adjectives, and the Present Tense

2009-06-02T05:46:00.001+07:00

The Standard Deviants - Learn English as a Second Language (ESL) - Pronouns, Adjectives, and the Present Tense

Your study of English begins with a look at pronouns - those little words like we, she and I that take the place of nouns and keep your sentences nice and neat. Then we're going to teach you how to use adjectives. These words help you describe things and make your sentences more interesting. But what if you want to tell someone that you like your hot dog? Or that you are in your office? Don t worry, we'll also cover possessives.

Verbs + to Infinitive

2009-06-02T04:58:00.003+07:00

Some English Verbs must be followed by to infinitive. This becomes the problem for the learners whose native language does not have such a pattern. Indonesian learners learning English, for example, often find this a problem. This is because Indonesian language does not have this patten.

The following Verbs require to infinitive.

agree, decide, expect , fail, hope, intend, learn, plan, promise refuse, tend, and want

Don't use an -ing form verb, verb without to, a past tense form, or other other verb forms after the verbs above except to infinitive.

Look at the examples below:

Incorrect : I agree come on time.
Correct : I agree to come on time.

Incorrect : He decided buy a new car.
Correct : He decided to buy a new car.

Incorrect : He always expects gets good scores in English.
Correct : He always expects to get good scores in English.

Incorrect : He failed passed the examination.
Correct : He failed to pass the examination.

Incorrect : She hopes see you again.
Correct : She hopes to see you again.

Incorrect : I want to speaking English fluently.
Correct : I want to speak English fluently.

English Sentence Structure (Intensive Course in English Series)

2009-05-19T05:18:00.001+07:00

Description
Part of the classic Michigan Rainbow series.
English Sentence Structure presents and clarifies all facets of the sentence for beginning and intermediate students. Oral drills, examples, and written exercises form a pattern of regular review and self-evaluation. Each lesson is coordinated with English Pattern Practices.

English Structure Practices

2009-05-19T05:08:00.002+07:00

This workbook, which may be used independently or in conjunction with English Sentence Structure, contains more than 400 exercises that cover beginning- and intermediate-level grammar points such as tenses, articles, count and noncount nouns, modals, verbals, relative clauses, passive voice, adverbs, and conditional sentences.
This is the workbook to accompany English Sentence Structure.

Review By Molly Vargas "mollyjean1120" (Baja California Sur, Mexico)
I have given this book away to different school's where I have taught in Minnesota, and in Mexico (Chiapas, San Luis Potosi). Now I find myself teaching again, and I need it! I'm ordering another copy from Amazon.com!

This book gives ESL/EFL students the repetition they need, and it makes it so simple, that they don't mind the work! It is page after page of photocopiable worksheets that start from zero--the verb "to be" and goes on to advanced.

You can use it for extra practice specific area for a student who needs it, or for everyday class worksheets, quizzes, homework, or games (I put one item up at a time, and see who comes up with the correct answer first)...

After I know my students understand a concept I make sure they can put it into practice in many different ways. This book is the easiest way I've found to do that. English Structure Practices has all the bases covered...including exceptions to rules that I may not have remembered.

It's VERY THOROUGH! And that's how my students want to learn and I want to teach; thoroughly!

Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure

2009-05-19T05:03:00.001+07:00

Description
This introduction to basic sentence structure encourages readers to explore grammar through critical thinking and analysis of a variety of different texts including excerpts from poetry, novels, television, movies, and more. Part One provides an
overview of different definitions of and approaches to grammar, outlining the approach to descriptive grammar taken in the text. Part Two introduces each syntactic category and highlights the basic division between lexical and grammatical categories. Part Three focuses on the structure of sentences. The book incorporates several types of exercises including "discovery problems," text analysis, and language diversity exercises.

Prepositional Phrase as Post Modifier of Noun Phrase

2009-05-11T05:47:00.004+07:00

A Prepositional Phrase is a phrase which begins with a preposition. The examples of prepositions are in, on, at , for, of, with, by, to, above, under, near, and witout. The prepositional phrase consists of a preposition plus a noun or a noun phrase. The examples of prepositional phrases are at home, in the house, to campus, with my friend near the post office and for my wife.

The following are the examples of prepositional phrases as Post modifiers of noun phrases.

A Post Modifier of a noun phrase is a modifier which comes after a noun head in a noun phrase. Look at the rxamples below:

- the man in my house
- the students of the university
- the people at home
- the house near the post office

Because and Because of

2009-05-11T05:31:00.002+07:00

Because is a conjunction and is used with a clause. Because of is a preposition and it is used with a noun or a noun phrase. Look at the examples below:

I did not come to the meeting because it rained. (it rained is a clause)
I did not come to the meeting because of the rain. (the rain is a noun phrase)

Linking Verbs

2009-04-04T05:41:00.003+07:00

What is linking verb? In English linking verbs play an important role to make sentence grammatical. Here is the explanation.

A linking Verb adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai pengubung antara Subject dengan Predicate-nya. Contoh dalam kalimat: "Cewek itu cantik." atau "The girl beautiful". Pada kalimat itu belum ada verb-nya, sehingga diperlukan 'Linking Verb.

The girl is beautiful. (atau)

The girl looks beautiful.

Linking verbs dibedakan menjadi:

To be	is, am, are, was, were
non- to be	become, appear, look, taste, smell, seem, remain, prove,

Apa perbedaan penggunaan dari keduanya?

Linking Verb (to be) dipakai untuk menghubungkan antara Subject dan Predicate yang berasal dari jenis kata 'NOUN' or GERUND, 'ADJECTIVE', 'ADVERB' or 'Prepositional Phrase'.

He is my friend	(Noun)
My hobby is reading.	(Gerund)
They are happy.	(Adjective)
She is here.	(Adverb)
We are in the classroom.	(Adverb/ prep. phrase

Linking Verb (non-to be) hanya dipakai untuk menghubungkan Subject dan Predicate yang berasal dari jenis kata 'ADJECTIVE'.

She looks beautiful.

It smells good.

They seem lazy.

TOEFL Structure Test Sample (Despite and Inspite of))

2009-02-24T11:00:00.005+07:00

Identify the one underlined word or phrase that would not be accepted in standard written English.

- Despite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping.

In the example of toefl test question above, the words Despite of is not accepted in written English English. The correct one is despite or inspite of . Therefore, the correct sentence is

Despite the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping.

or

Inspite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping.

Determiners: A, An or The?

2009-02-20T16:21:00.003+07:00

The following topic is about the use of a, an or the quoted from englishclub.com. The use of a an and the is sometimes confusing. Therefore' the following explanation is expected to help you.
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When do we say "the dog" and when do we say "a dog"? (On this page we talk only about singular, countable nouns.)

The and a/an are called "articles". We divide them into "definite" and "indefinite" like this:

Articles
Definite	Indefinite
the	a, an

We use "definite" to mean sure, certain. "Definite" is particular.

We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain. "Indefinite" is general.

When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the. When we are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an.

Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see 1 moon and millions of stars. So normally we would say:

I saw the moon last night.
I saw a star last night.

Look at these examples:

the	a, an
The capital of France is Paris. I have found the book that I lost. Have you cleaned the car? There are six eggs in the fridge. Please switch off the TV when you finish.	I was born in a town. John had an omelette for lunch. James Bond ordered a drink. We want to buy an umbrella. Have you got a pen?

Of course, often we can use the or a/an for the same word. It depends on the situation, not the word. Look at these examples:

We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular umbrella.)
Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are looking for our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)

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source: www.englishclub.com

www.englishclub.com is a site which contains a complete description on English. This is is good for those who are learning English. If you want to learn English you can visit this site.

TOEFL STRUCTURE TEST SAMPLE

2009-01-21T10:40:00.002+07:00

The following is one of the toefl test structure samples.

01. If a ruby is heated it ________ temporarily lose its color.
A. would
B. will
C. does
D. has

The correct answer of the question above is B. will. The explanation is as follows:

The question above belongs to the problem of conditional sentence. We know that there are 3 types of conditional sentences. The type above is called conditional sentence type 1. The pattern of the conditional sentence type one is :

If + V (present), S + will + V1....

The if clause of the conditional sentence above contains a verb which is present (is heated); therefore the verb of the main clause is will . That is why the correct answer is B. will .

English Subject Question

2008-10-28T10:02:00.005+07:00

Subject Question is the question about Subject. This belongs to Wh question. The pattern of English Subject question has specific form compared to other Wh questions (Non Subject questions).

Look at the example below:

1. Who gives you money every month? (subject Question)
2. Who visited you in hospital yesterday? (Subject Question)
3. Who is singing in the bath room? (subject question)
4. What makes you sad?

All the example above ask the subject of the sentence. The following sentences are the answers of the questions above. The bold words are the answers.

1. My father gives me money every month.
2. My friend visited me me in hospital yesterday.
3. Sally is singing in the bath room.
4. The letter makes me sad.

Boring and Bored

2008-10-17T07:49:00.003+07:00

Boring and bored are adjectives derived from the verb bore. Indonesian learners learning English often misuse these two adjectives. They often make the wrong sentence I am boring instead of I am bored. In Indonesian language boring means membosankan, and bored is bosan.

Looka ta the examples below:

1. The students are bored with the situation.
2. The situation is boring

3. My sister is bored with her job.
4. Her job is boring.

Superlative Degree

2008-10-06T21:21:00.004+07:00

Superlative degree is used to express the comparison of three items or more. When we compare two items, comparative degree is used. Look at the examples below.

- Tom is tall but John is taller than Tom, and Robert is the tallest.
- I have three cars, Toyota, Chevrolet, and Honda, and I like Honda the best.
- she took English, mathematics, and history last semester and the English score is the best.

Past Perfect, Present Tense

2008-09-24T16:25:00.001+07:00

Description
Compiled for the first time, here are all of Newbery Award– winning author Richard Peck’s previously published short stories and two brand-new ones. From comedy to tragedy to historical to contemporary; from "Priscilla and the Wimps," Peck’s first short story, to "Shotgun Cheatham’s Last Night Above Ground," which inspired both A Long Way from Chicago and A Year Down Yonder, to "The Electric Summer," Peck’s jumping-off point for Fair Weather, readers will thrill at Peck’s engaging short fiction. Complete with the author’s own notes on the stories as well as tips and hints for aspiring writers and two new stories, this vibrant and varied collection offers something for everyone.

From AudioFile
Two new and 11 previously published short stories are combined with advice on writing from the author. Peck reads the literary advice himself, and, while he is far from a professional narrator, there is quite a bit of charm to hearing him talk about the fine art of writing fiction. The stories run the gamut from historical to gothic to realistic. Before each grouping, Peck tells listeners how he came to write the stories, and the inside view is fascinating. Lara Schwartzberg and Paul Boehmer are less successful; their narration is more serviceable than sparkling, with Schwartzberg's attempt at a British accent in the creepy "Waiting for Sebastian" a particular disappointment. Still, Peck's dry wit and enormous skill rise above most of the narration problems. This will certainly find a secure niche in writing classes. S.G. © AudioFile 2005, Portland, Maine-- Copyright © AudioFile, Portland, Maine --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

English Grammar for Students of Spanish: English Grammar for Students of Spanish

2008-09-17T15:34:00.000+07:00

Review: By R. Heijermans
I am a good English grammarian and speak and write intermediate Spanish. My Spanish studies are ongoing, and this book does a fabulous job of placing English and Spanish grammatical rules alongside one another for the sake of contrast and comparison. Spanish grammar is in some ways more difficult than English grammar in that Spanish requires number and gender agreement and more tenses and moods are distintly different. In addition, there are some challenging components (i.e., the por/para rules) that require a lot of prtactice and memorization. This book is a great help to the student of Spanish who knows English grammar well or to the one who would like to bone up on both.

Pictures of English Tenses (Brain Friendly Resources) (Spiral-bound)

2008-09-17T15:29:00.000+07:00

Kaplan GMAT Premier Program, 2009 (Book & CD-ROM)

2008-09-17T15:26:00.001+07:00

About the Author
Kaplan Publishing is one of the nation's top publishers of academic and professional development resources. We publish titles on topics such as test preparation, college and graduate school admissions, academic and career development in the legal, medical, education, and general business fields. Kaplan Publishing is the leading provider of test prep materials for a variety of standardized tests, including the GRE, GMAT, LSAT, SAT, PSAT, MCAT, TOEFL, and more.

Features:

* NEW! Essential math basics review section with practice drills
* 6 full-length practice tests (1 in the book, 1 online, 4 on the CD-ROM)
* Diagnostic test to target areas for score improvement
* Proven score-raising strategies
* Hundreds of additional practice questions
* Detailed answer explanations
* Personalized online progress report that adapts to a student's goals and schedule

The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 11th Edition

2008-09-17T15:23:00.002+07:00

Review:By RG

This book, coupled with the Official GMAT Verbal and Quant Review Guides (by the same company, GMAC) is enough to give you a thorough understanding, of the type of questions that can be expected in the GMAT and the reasoning needed to answer them correctly. I found the reasoning provided with each answer, especially useful. Another nice thing about these books is that the questions are arranged in increasing order of difficulty. So, if you find some questions very easy, just jump a few questions forward. The only setback with these books is that they do not give detailed explanations in the 'concepts review sections'.

You will need to turn to other books/websites to get tips and tricks for the exam. I recommend Princeton for this purpose: The Princeton guide gave me very clear and effective test taking strategies that helped me a lot. I highly recommend NOT USING Kaplan, especially to take practice tests. The scoring is very tough, and you are tested in areas that are absolutely unnecessary for the GMAT. Also, very low scores on these tests are discouraging. I highly recommend taking the two Powerprep practice tests available for download from the GMAC website. These tests consist of 'retired' GMAT questions, and are very much identical to the actual GMAT. Your scoring on these tests would be identical to your actual GMAT score.

My practice scores are as below (in chronological order):
Powerprep Test 1: 630 (35 days before my GMAT)
Princeton Test 1: 650
Kaplan Test 1: 600
Princeton Test 2: 670
Princeton Test 3: 700
Princeton Test 4: 720
Kaplan Test 2: 530 (One day before my GMAT - Very, very discouraging!!)
Powerprep Test 2: 750 (One day before my GMAT)
Powerprep Test 3 (Reinstalled): 760 (with some repetitions from Powerprep Test 2)
GMAT: 750 (Verbal 40, Quant 50)

My GMAT Prep consisted of lots and lots of practice, analysis of my practice test results, and noting down where I erred, and making sure that I did not repeat my mistakes.

Yes/No Question Using "Was" and "Were"

2008-09-10T11:44:00.003+07:00

Yes/No question using was and were is used in a past tense sentence which does not contain verb. We must not be confused with yes/no question using am, is or are. The difference is only the matter of Tense. Was/were is past tense while am/is/are is present tense. Look at the examples below:

1. Was he at home last night ?
(not is he at home last night?)

2. Were you sick two days ago?
(not Are you sick two days ago?)

3. Was she a diligent student when he studied in a university?
(not Is she a diligent student when he studied in a university?)

4. Were they in your house last week?
(not Are they in your house last week?)

5. Was your mother fat last year?)
(not Are your mother fat last year?

Learning English sries: - Understanding and Using English Grammar: Workbook : by Betty Schrampfer Azar

2008-08-29T19:18:00.002+07:00

Review By A Customer
I have been using this book to teach grammar classes for ESL students and my intermediate/advanced students' grammar skills have improved a lot. This book has a lot of excercises, which makes this book practical as a course material, as it provides students with plenty of homework where they learn to apply the concepts they learned in the book. I highly recommend this book for whoever teaches English grammar to foreign students.
It's easy and usful, so that I could improve my grammar in classromm and at home by myself. As a ESL student, I don't like the grammar book that full of technology because the book like that only drives me crazy and headache. It a very proper book for ESL students.

Target Score Teacher's Book: A Communicative Course for TOEIC® Test Preparation (Target Score)

2008-08-22T13:53:00.000+07:00

Target Score Student's Book, A Communicative Course for TOEIC® Test Preparation, with 3 Audio CDs, Test booklet and Answer key

2008-08-22T13:52:00.000+07:00

Description
Target Score Second edition is a preparatory course for the new TOEIC® Test (Test of English for International Communication ®). Fully revised to meet the needs of the new TOEIC® Test, this Second edition also provides effective, classroom-friendly lessons for active, communicative English. The Student's Book comes packaged with 2 Audio CDs, plus a Test Booklet with Audio CD and Answer Key. Each of the twelve units of the Student's Book focuses on one of the principal, recurrent themes of the TOEIC® Test, presenting contextualised language practice and covering the settings and situations that students find in TOEIC® Test questions. Each unit focuses on and provides practice for one or two grammar elements which are then linked to a complete grammar reference at the end. There is also a glossary which cross-references TOEIC® Test-specific vocabulary highlighted in each unit. Learners undergo thorough exam familiarisation through revise and review tests structured as a mini-TOEIC® Tests after every three units. All seven parts of the TOEIC® Test are represented and complete answers and explanations are found in a detachable Answer Key in the back of the Student's Book.

Target TOEIC, Second Edition (w/6 Audio CDs), Upgrading TOEIC Test-taking Skills

2008-08-22T13:50:00.000+07:00

How to Prepare for the TOEIC Test

2008-08-22T13:46:00.000+07:00

Description
The Test of English for International Communication is taken by students for whom English is their second language. It is required by many businesses and institutions in the English-speaking world when those students apply for positions. This new edition of Barron’s test prep package has been updated to reflect the most recent TOEIC exams. The illustrated manual presents six full-length model tests and a reading comprehension review.

Back Cover Copy
HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE
TOEIC TEST
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
3RD EDITION

In-depth Preparation Includes
Six full-length model tests
All questions answered and explained
Exercises to improve your English comprehension, grammar, and usage
An overview of the TOEIC that explains the test structure so you know exactly what to expect when you take the actual test
Test-taking tips to help you achieve a good score

Model Tests Simulate
the Actual TOEIC Test
in length, structure, question types, and degree of difficulty

How to Solve the Toefl test Question : - Incomplete Sentences

2008-08-22T13:07:00.004+07:00

Question Example:

01. Violence on American campuses has abated ______ .
A. after 1970
B. in 1970
C. for 1970
D. since 1970

The answer of question is D ( Since 1970). The explanation is as follows:

In answering the incomplete sentence question, we must be able to identify the clue. In question 01, the clue is the verb has abated . This verb is used in present perfect tense. This tense requires the adverb of time using for and since. For is used with a duration of time such as three weeks, two years, five days, two hours, while since is used with a particular time such as yesterday, three weeks ago, I was a child, 1970, last week.

since + a particular time
Examples: since yesterday, since two weeks ago, since 1980, since last week, since I was a child.

for + a duration of time
Examples: for two weeks, for three days, for three years, for one month

Look at the examples of sentences below:

01. I have known him since I was a child.

02. She has lived her for two years.

03. They have come since yesterday.

Yes/No question using "Do", and "Does"

2008-08-18T19:52:00.005+07:00

Do and Does are used in yes/no question of the present tense. Do and Does are used in the sentence which contain verbs. When there is no verbs in the sentence, am, is, or are are used. The pattern of yes/no question using Do and Does is as follows:

Do/Does + S + V1 + ....

Remember!
Does is for the subjects he, she, singular subject
Do is for the subjects they, we, I, you, plural subject

Look at the examples below:
(+) -----He goes to school.
(?) Does he go to school?

(+) -----She cooks every morning.
(?) Does she cook every morning?

(+) -----Sally studies every night.
(?) Does Sally study every night?

(+) -----Robert swims twice a week.
(?) Does Robert swim twice a week?

(+) -----They work in a hotel.
(?) Do they work in a hotel?

(+) -----You come here everyday.
(?) Do you come here everyday?

(+) -----I come late.
(?) Do I come late?

(+) -----we need help.
(?) Do we need help?

(+) ----John and sally work in Florida.
(?) Do John and sally work in Florida?

The answer key of the exercises on Yes/No Question using "am", "is" or "are"

2008-08-02T14:44:00.004+07:00

Translate the following Indonesian yes/no questions into English using am, is, or are .

1. Apakah Sally seorang perawat?
--> Is Sally a nurse?

2. Apakah saya tua?
--> Am I old?

3. Apakah John di kantornya tiap pagi?
--> Is John in his office every morning?

4. Apakah Ibumu sakit?
--> Is your mother sick?

5. Apakah mereka lapar sekarang?
--> Are they hungry now?

6. Apakah Dia (laki laki) temanmu?
--> Is he your friend?

7. Apakah buku ini mahal?
-- > Is this book expensive?

8. Apakah mereka di kamarmu sekarang?
--> Are they in your room now?

This is the answer key of the exercise here.

-----------------------

Yes/No Question using "am", "is" or "are"

2008-08-02T14:06:00.009+07:00

Yes/No question using am, is or are is used in a present tense sentence which does not contain verb. For Indonesian learners learning English, they must remember that yes/No question is the question which uses the word apakah, and the answer must be yes/No. Don't be confused with Wh- Question using What which is in Indonesian is apa or apakah . Some Indonesian learners make English Yes/No Question using the word What which is in Indonesian language is apakah/apa. Look at the examples below.

1. Is he a teacher?
--'Apa/Apakah dia seorang guru?'
(Is = Apa/Apakah, he = dia, a = seorang, teacher = guru)

2. Am I happy?
--'Apa/Apakah saya bahagia?
(Am = Apa/Apakah, I = saya, happy = bahagia)

3. Are you at home every night?
--Apa/Apakah kamu di rumah setiap malam?'
(Are = Apa/Apakah, You = kamu, at home = di rumah)

Based on the examples above, the Indonesian word apa/apakah used in yes/no question can be represented by the auxilary verbs is, am and are. While, some Indonesian learners have an assosiasion that apakah is what in English. That is why we sometimes findthat Iindonesian learners make English yes/no question using the word apakah like the examples below.

1. What are you happy? instead of Are you happy?
--( Apakah kamu bahagia?)

2. What is he sick? instead of Is he sick?
--(apakah dia sakit?)

Note: something that Indonesian learners must keep in mind is that the word apakah is not always represented by the word what in English. In English yes/no Questions, the word apakah can be represented by auxiliary verbs such as am, is, are, do, does, did, was, were, has, have, can, may etc.

Exercises:
Translate the following Indonesian yes/no questions into English using am, is, or are .

1. Apakah Sally seorang perawat?
2. Apakah saya tua?
3. Apakah John di kantornya tiap pagi?
4. Apakah Ibumu sakit?
5. Apakah mereka lapar sekarang?
6. Apakah Dia (laki laki) temanmu?
7. Apakah buku ini mahal?
8. Apakah mereka di kamarmu sekarang?

The answer key is available here.

---------------

- Conditional Sentence Type 3

2008-07-25T20:09:00.002+07:00

Conditional sentence type 3 is used to express the situation or something which is not true with or the opposite of the real fact in the past. In this sentence, the past perfect tense is used in the " if clause" and the past future perfect is used in the main clause. The pattern is as follows:

If + S + V (Past Perfect/had + VIII)..... , S + would + have + VIII....

Examples:

1. If I had had enough money at that time, I would have bought the car.
.....(In truth, I didn't have enough money)

or

-- I would have bought the car if I had had enough money at that time.

2. If She had been here yesterday, She would have known your condition.
.....(In truth, She was not here yesterday)

or

-- She would have known your condition if she had been here yesterday.

Longman Preparation Series for the New TOEIC(R) Test: Advanced Course (with Answer Key), with Audio CD and Audioscript (4th Edition) (Paperback)

2008-07-21T12:25:00.001+07:00

Editorial Reviews
From the Back Cover

Longman Preparation Series for the New TOEIC® Test: Advanced Course, Fourth Edition, gives students the skills, strategy, practice, and confidence they need to increase their scores on the new TOEIC® test. Ideal for a TOEIC® test preparation course or for self-study, the Advanced Course is intended for students who achieve TOEIC® test scores from 450 to 850.

The Complete Audio Program is also available.

The Advanced Course features:

* New material that mirrors the format of the new TOEIC® test
* Step-by step strategies and skills to improve performance on each section of the test
* More than 1,000 practice items that reflect the format and content of the new test
* An audio CD that includes the Listening Comprehension Review section from the book
* An audioscript that includes all the material recorded for the complete audio program
* Two TOEIC® -length review tests, one for Listening Comprehension and one for Reading
* Two complete Practice Tests, with accompanying TOEIC® test-style answer sheets, for diagnosis or assessment and to prepare students for TOEIC® test conditions

600 Essential Words for the TOEIC Test (600 Essential Words for the Toeic Test)

2008-07-18T17:37:00.001+07:00

The book is easy to use and gives you overall idea about vocabulary you should know. The book includes 2 CDs which help you to improve your listening skills. The book is easy to use and gives you overall idea about vocabulary you should know. The book includes 2 CDs which help you to improve your listening skills. I recommend this book stronly - great value for your money.

Barron's TOEIC Test with Audio CDs (Barron's Toeic Test. Test of English for International Communication)

2008-07-18T17:04:00.003+07:00

This is helpful for preparation for the TOEIC test. (Test of English for International Communication) It has sample tests for each of the sections and includes answers. The CD's are good for creating a true test atmosphere. There is also a script included. The only difficulty is trying to follow the correct answers and script with the test--you have to have several markers for keeping your place. I have used the book with Japanese businessmen who have to take the test and they have found it to be beneficial.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

2008-07-05T17:23:00.004+07:00

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to express the situation or something which is not true with or the opposite of the real fact at present. In this sentence, the simple past tense is used in the " if clause" and the past future is used in the main clause. The pattern is as follows:

If + S + V (Simple Past Tense)..... , S + would + V1....

Examples:

1. If I had enough money, I would buy this car. (In truth, I don't have enough money)

or

-- I would buy this car if I had enough money.

2. If She were here, She would know your condition. (In truth, She is not here)

or

-- She would know your condition if she were here.

Note: were (not was) is used for all types of subjects in conditional sentence type 2.

Conditional sentence Type 1

2008-07-05T16:59:00.003+07:00

Conditional sentence type 1 is used to express something which possibly happens in the future if the condition is fulfilled. The simple present is used in the "If clause", and the present future is used in the main clause. The pattern is as follows:

If + S + V (Simple Present tense) +.... , S + Will + V1 ....

Examples:

-- If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car.
(kalau saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli mobil baru)
or
-- I will buy a new car if I have a lot of money.
(Saya akan membeli mobil baru kalau saya punya banyak uang)

The sentence above talks about the situation which has not happened yet. It talks about something which can happen (I will buy a car) if the condition (I have much money) is fulfilled.

- English Grammar In Use with Answers and CD ROM: A Self-study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Students of English (Grammar in Use) (Pape

2008-07-05T12:00:00.000+07:00

This is a well-planned book with a clear and manageable format, but if you are using it as an aid to teaching American English, be prepared to explain such differences as the numerous Britishisms in vocabulary, and why there are terms similar to "in Broad Street" as opposed to "on Broad Street," as well as other British English grammar variations.

Students in the U.S. who learning from the book without an instructor may not realize this at all and find the usage confusing.

The explanantions are concise and clear. In a few cases the format can force some complex issues to be squeezed into the same allotment of two pages that is given to more readily learned topics, and I have to rely on additional books for more exercises.

Overall I find this an excellent book, but I long for an purely American English edition, so I can use it with fewer caveats to my students.

- How to Prepare for the TOEFL Essay (Barron's How to Prepare for the Computer-Based Toefl Essay) (Paperback)

2008-07-04T13:33:00.003+07:00

Editorial Reviews
Review
"This book is highly regarded by students and teachers alike. 'In my opinion,' said one student, 'you can write an outstanding essay if you follow the instructions in the book."
—Language Magazine, December 2001

Product Description
The written essay is a very important part of the Test of English as a Foreign Language. This manual offers solid preparation, with instructions for organizing details and ideas for a topic, then developing them in clear, grammatical written English. The author provides approximately 185 models essays for students to read and analyze plus exercises in proofreading and editing rough drafts of essays.

- Kaplan TOEFL Vocabulary Flashcards (Paperback)

2008-07-04T13:28:00.001+07:00

Editorial Reviews
Product Description
Kaplan's TOEFL Vocabulary Flashcards is guaranteed to make learning TOEFL vocabulary words simple and fun. Just clip the corners of pages you've mastered, then flip the book over for even more vocabulary words. This unique portable resource includes:

* 350 words frequently tested on the TOEFL

* Definitions and corresponding forms in different parts of speech

* Sample sentences showing each word's meaning in context

About the Author
Kaplan is the world's largest, most successful test preparation company, with 185 centers and 1,200 satellite locations worldwide.

- 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL (Paperback)

2008-07-04T13:24:00.001+07:00

Editorial Reviews
Product Description

For students whose first language is not English and who wish to study at a university with an English-based curriculum, no admittance test is more important than the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL helps you score well by arming you with the most important English vocabulary words commonly found on this crucial exam. This timely guide also encompasses the recent changes made to the test, including the emphasis on conversation and spontaneous communication to mirror the interactive nature of the classroom. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL also includes:

* Activities such as paraphrasing, synonym and antonym exercises, and identifying prefixes and suffixes
* Strategies on how to incorporate new words into everyday vocabulary
* Chapters on identifying synonyms and paraphrasing sentences, roots, prefixes, and suffixes

- Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test (Book & CD-ROM) (Paperback)

2008-07-04T13:18:00.001+07:00

1) The best Essay section. After doing all excercises you will able to map out a very good essay within 30 minutes. I had Kaplan, Princenton, Cliff's, Barrons, and Delta, but this essay section is much much better. Any one who would like to have good score for essay needs the book.
2) Grammar section does not reflect real exam. Make no sense to practice problems you won't meet on the test. There is a lot of junk information which has never been used on the test. I took the test twice so did friends of mine. Remarkably enough, ETS and authors of the book have different perspective for English grammar. Problems heavily emphasized in the book will most likely completely ignored on an actual exam.
3) Reading section is very good.
4) Listening comprehension is good, particularly in terms of phrasal verbs and idioms.
5) There are 7 full lenght tests on the CD Rom.
For more practice with real full scale computer tests I can recommend you to buy Delta's Key for Toefl Tests (10 tests) or Cliff's (6 tests). In addition, Cliff's has very useful grammar section.

- Cracking the TOEFL IBT with Audio CD, 2009 Edition (College Test Prep) (Paperback) : by Princeton Review

2008-07-04T11:23:00.001+07:00

Editorial Reviews
Product Description
The TOEFL has undergone major changes in recent years. It is now completely computer-based; it's longer; and it has mandatory Speaking, Listening, and Writing sections. Cracking the TOEFL iBT provides the most comprehensive information available about how to succeed on the exam, complete with an audio CD and full transcript, full-length practice test, and scores of drill questions.

In Cracking the TOEFL iBT, The Princeton Review will teach you how to

·Use our preparation strategies and test-taking techniques to raise your score
·Focus your reading and listening to identify the key parts of passages, lectures, and conversations
·Improve your command of spoken English and your use of good English grammar and vocabulary
·Write top-scoring essays by responding to the specific question asked and organizing your ideas clearly
·Test your knowledge with review questions and practice drills for each topic covered

All of our practice test questions are just like those on the actual exam, and we explain how to answer every question.

- Practice Exercises for the TOEFL with Audio CDs (Barron's Practice Exercises for the Toefl) (Paperback)

2008-07-04T11:19:00.000+07:00

Product Description
Updated to reflect the most current TOEFL formats, this book presents more than 1,000 practice questions with explanatory answers designed to prepare students to succeed on both the Paper-Based TOEFL (PBT) and the Internet-Based TOEFL (iBT). A TOEFL practice test with instructions for evaluation is also included. This edition of the manual comes with a set of six audio compact discs that offer practice for the Listening, Speaking, and Integrated Writing Sections. The set of compact discs can also be purchased separately.

- Delta's Key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice Book (Paperback)

2008-07-04T11:04:00.001+07:00

From the Publisher
What is new about the TOEFL¨ test and DeltaÕs Key?

The next generation test, or iBT, is an Internet-based test introduced in September 2005. This new test replaces the earlier computer-based test known as the TOEFL¨ CBT. The next generation test assesses proficiency in the four language skills of reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important changes in the test are:

Speaking skills are evaluated. Some tasks involve integrated skills, such as reading-listening-writing. Knowledge of grammar is not tested separately but is assessed indirectly throughout the test.

DeltaÕs Key to the Next Generation TOEFL¨ Test is an all-new program designed specifically for the new version of the test. The course provides ample practice in the English skills evaluated by the new test, along with useful strategies and practical ideas for individual, pair and group activities.

Reading and listening content includes explanation of new item types, such as questions about pragmatics, paraphrasing, and summarizing information from across a text. Speaking and writing content includes practice in integrated-skills tasks, such as developing a topic, taking notes, and connecting information from two sources.

- Barron's TOEFL iBT Internet-Based Test 2008 12th Edition with CD-ROM (Paperback)

2008-07-04T08:10:00.001+07:00

The book provides the perfect amount of exercises if you have one week to prepare for the exam.

- Kaplan TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM 2008-2009 (Kaplan Toefl Ibt) (Paperback)

2008-07-04T08:07:00.002+07:00

This is a great tool to prepare for the TOEFL. I didn't have any idea of how the TOEFL was, and this book gave me an excellent guidance to be prepared ahead of the test. It gives examples and advice on how to prepare on reading, understanding and writting. A great resource for the preparation of the TOEFL test. The book provides the perfect amount of exercises if you have one week to prepare for the exam. It helps you build the necessary confidence to do well on the exam day. This book is important for who want to achieve goals in TOEFL exam. Have great study!

- The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM (Official Guide to the New Toefl Ibt) (Paperback)

2008-07-04T08:01:00.004+07:00

This is a very good Toefl reference book, it contains a lot of exercises in reading, writing, listening and speaking.

First, I need to tell you I had already taken ESL classes (finish all courses like 5 years ago)

The book will make you very familiar with toefl-like questions and exercises, I didn't check for other books because I trust ETS since it is the same organization that makes the exam.

I study with my girlfriend for a month and we both get good scores, we study together because is the only way to get reviewed in the essays and the speaking parts (self review is not accurate).

Good Luck!

- Many and Much

2008-07-02T17:12:00.005+07:00

Many is used with plural countable nouns and much is used with uncountable noun. The meaning of both words in Indonesian language is 'banyak' . Indonesian language does not have the classification of countable and uncountable noun like English. The word banyak can be used both in countable and uncountable noun. Therefore Indonesian learners often make mistakes in using the word many and much in English. Compare the following sentences.

1. I have many books
--> Saya punya banyak buku.

2. I have much money.
--> Saya punya banyak uang.

3. There is much rice on the table.
--> Ada banyak nasi di atas meja.

4. There are many apples on the table.
--> Ada banyak apel di atas meja.

It is possible for Indonesian learners to make mistakes in using the words many and much. Look at the wrong examples below.

1. *I have many money.
2. *I have much book.
3. *There are much apples on the table.
4. * There are many rice on the table.

- Adjectives and Adverbs

2008-06-23T13:11:00.004+07:00

I. ADJECTIVE

An adjective is a word which modifies a noun. Adjectives are used before nouns and after a
linking verbs such as be (am, is, are, was, were) look, get, become, go, taste, smell, remain, sound, keep, grow, turn, seem, appear.

Examples:

- Tom is a diligent student. (before noun, student)
- Be careful, please. (after linking verb be)
- She is beautiful. (after linking verb, be (is))
- I feel happy. (after linking verb, feel)
- The dinner smells good. (after linking verb, smell)
- Your friend seems very nice. (after linking verb, seem)

II. ADVERB

An adverb tells us more about a verb. We also use adverbs before adjectives and other adverbs.
many adverbs are made from an adjective + -ly:

adjective : quick serious careful quiet heavy bad
adverb : quickly seriously carefully quietly heavily badly

Examples:

- Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. (not ‘drove careful’)
- Speak quietly, please! (not ‘speak quiet”)
- We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily. (not ‘raining heavy’)
- The examination was surprisingly easy. (adverb + adjective )
- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ( adverb + adjective)
- Mary learns languages incredibly quickly. (adverb + adverb)

NOTE: NOT ALL WORDS ENDING IN -LY ARE ADVERBS. SOME ADJECTIVES END IN -LY.

Examples: friendly, lively, elderly lonely, silly, lovely.

Compare!

- Your English is very good. (adjective)
You speak English well. (adverb)

- Susan is a good pianist. (adjective)
She plays the piano well. (adverb)

- Jack is a very fast runner. (adjective)
Jack can run very fast. (adverb)

- Ann is a hard worker. (adjective)
Ann works hard. (adverb) , not ‘works hardly’)

- The train was late. (adjective)
I got up late this morning. (adverb)

The adverb lately = recently.

Example:
- Have you seen Tom lately.

- Kaplan TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM 2008-2009 (Kaplan Toefl Ibt) (Paperback)

2008-06-21T16:53:00.002+07:00

Editorial Reviews
Product Description
Includes:

-4 practice tests on CD-ROM in iBT format

-Audio CD and transcripts of authentic-language conversations for listening comprehension

-8 comprehensive chapters of reading, writing, listening, and speaking practice

-Hundreds of strategies for answering integrated skills questions

About the Author
Kaplan Publishing is one of the nation's top publishers of academic and professional development resources. We publish titles on topics such as test preparation, college and graduate school admissions, academic and career development in the legal, medical, education, and general business fields. Kaplan Publishing is the leading provider of test prep materials for a variety of standardized tests, including the GRE, GMAT, LSAT, SAT, PSAT, MCAT, TOEFL, and more.

- Kaplan TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM 2008-2009 (Kaplan Toefl Ibt)

2008-06-20T15:22:00.002+07:00

Kaplan TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM 2008-2009 (Kaplan Toefl Ibt) by Kaplan" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51DZqPFLCHL._SL160_PIsitb-dp-arrow,TopRight,21,-23_SH30_OU01_AA115_.jpg" />

TOEFL (Test of English as A Foreign Language)is the standard English-Language test in the world. The TOEFL score showing in the official certificate is used as the requirement to study abroad. This test consists of three parts namely
* Listening Comprehension
* Structure and Written Expression
* Reading Comprehension
The TOEFL test measures your ability to communicate in English in colleges and universities. You can take the test as an Internet-based Test (iBT) or a paper-based test (PBT), depending on which format is offered at your test center.

To prepare for the Test, The books which contains the examples of the questions and the discussion of the answer are necessary to be owned by the test takers. Kaplan TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM 2008-2009 (Kaplan Toefl Ibt)is an alternative book which can help the test takers to achieve the best result.

- English Writing Courses : How to Write English Simple Sentences

2008-06-18T16:10:00.003+07:00

English Writing Courses: writing English simple sentences.

The topic in this series of English Writing Courses is writing English simple sentences. In English language, a sentence must have at least a subject an a verb. This is a particular character of English sentences. That is why in the English nominal sentence (the sentence which does not have a verb) the characteristic must be applied. English has the so called Auxiliary Verb (the helping verb, ). The auxiliary verb be (am, is, are, was, were) is used to fulfill the requirement that English sentences must have at least subject and verb. The other languages do not always have such a characteristic. Indonesian language, for example, does not have auxiliary verb. Compare the following English simple sentence and Indonesian simple sentence.

1. My father is a teacher.
--Ayahku seorang guru.

2. John is happy.
-- John bahagia.

3. My friends are in my house.
--> Temanku di rumahku.

Referreing to the examples above, Indonesian learners learning English often make the wrong English sentences as follows:

1. *My father a teacher.

2. *John happy.

3. *My friends in my house.

The wrong English sentences made by Indonesian learners above are influenced by the stcructure of indonesian language which does not need auxiliary be. The wrong sentences above are paralel to the following Indonesian sentences :

1. Ayahku seorang guru.
1. *My father a teacher.

2. John bahagia.
2. *John happy.

3. Temanku di rumahku.
3. *My friends in my house.

Online English Courses : - The Answer Key of the Exercise of Double Comparatives

2008-06-11T13:58:00.008+07:00

This series of Online English courses presents the answer key of the exercises of double comparatives. The questions are in other page of this site.

Exercise:
- Translate into English

01. Semakin dalam kamu jatuh cinta, semakin gilalah kamu.
--> The deeper you fall in love, the crazier you are.

02. Semakin kaya seseorang, semakin mudah dia mendapatkan sesuatu.
--> The richer someone the easier he gets something.

03. Semakin keras kamu bekerja, semakan banyak uang kamu dapat.
--> The harder you work, the more money you get.

04. Semakin giat kamu belajar, akan semakin pandailah kamu.
--> The harder you study, the smarter you will be.

Online English Courses : - Double Comparatives ( the +comparative, the + comparative) (semakin…… semakin…….)

2008-06-11T13:22:00.007+07:00

This series of Online English Courses discusses the topic Double Comparative (The comparative the comparative):

A. The comparative the comparative

Examples:
A : ‘What time shall we leave?’
B : ‘The sooner the better.’ ('semakin cepat semakin baik')

A : ‘What size box do you want?’
B : ‘The bigger the better. (semakin besar semakin baik)

Other Examples:
• The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
• The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.

B. The comparative + S + V, the comparative + S + V

• The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

--> (semakin cepat kita berangkat, semakin cepat kita sampai/tiba)

• The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

--> (semakin banyak listrik kamu gunakan, akan semakin tinggi rekeningmu)

• The more you have, the more you want.

( semakin banyak yang kau punya, semakin banyak yang kau inginkan)

• The longer he waited, the more impatient he became.
(semakin lama dia menunggu, menjadi semakin tidak sabar dia)

Exercise:
- Translate into English

01. Semakin dalam kamu jatuh cinta, semakin gilalah kamu.
02. Semakin kaya seseorang, semakin mudah dia mendapatkan sesuatu.
03. Semakin keras kamu bekerja, semakan banyak uang kamu dapat.
04. Semakin giat kamu belajar, akan semakin pandailah kamu.

Online English Courses : - The Answer Key of Exercise of "differ from" and "different from"

2008-06-11T08:25:00.005+07:00

This series of online English courses contains the answer key of the exercise of using "differ from" and "different from". The questions are in the other page of this site. The answer is signed by the arrow (-->) .

Exercise:

- Correct the following sentences.

01. Susan is different of other woman I know.

--> Susan is different from other woman I know.

--> Susan differes from other woman I know .

02. This book different from the book on the table.

--> This book is different from the book on the table.

--> This book differs from the book on the table.

03. Lions differ tigers.

--> Lions differ from tigers.

--> Lions are different from tigers

04. Soccer is different with rugby.

--> Soccer is different from rugby .

or
--> Soccer differs from rugby.

- Good Vs Well

2008-06-08T19:45:00.006+07:00

Good is an ajective. An adjective a word which modifies a noun. Good is used after to be or other linking verbs and before a noun.

Example:

1. His English is good. (not is well) (good after to be is)

('Bahasa Ingrisnya baik'.)

2. My mother is a good woman. (not a well woman) (good before a noun woman)

('Ibuku seorang wanita yang baik. ')

Well is an adverb. An adverb is a word which modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverbs.

Example:

1. He speaks English well. (not speaks English good) (well modifies verb speaks)

('Dia berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan baik'. )

2. He can play badminton well. (not play badminton good) (well modifies play)

('Dia bisa bermain badminton dengan baik')

- "Because" and "Because of"

2008-06-08T19:24:00.006+07:00

A. Because is a conjunction and must be followed by a clasue (Subject + Verb +....)

Example:

1. I did not come to the meeting because I was sick.

Conj. Clause

('Saya tidak datang ke pertemuan itu karena saya sakit')

2. Because John did not have much money, he did not buy a new car.

Conj. Clause

('Karena John tidak punya banyak uang, dia tidak membeli mobil baru')

In example 1 because is a conjunction which is followed by a clause I was sick. I was sick is a clause because it has subject (I) and verb (was).

In example 2 because is also conjuntion which is followed by a clause John did not have much money. John did not have much money is a clause because it has subject (John) and Verb (did not have).

B. Because of is a preposition and must be followed by a noun or noun phrase.

Example:

3. I did not go out because of the bad weather.

Preposition Noun Phrase

('Saya tidak keluar karena cuaca buruk')

4. Because of her mother objection, Sally didn't go to the party.

Prepositin Noun Phrase

('Karena keberatan ibunya/karena ibunya keberatan, Sally tidak pergi ke pesta'.)

In example 3, because of is preposition which is followed by the noun phrase her mother objection.

In example 4, because of is preposition which is followed by the noun phrase her mother objection.

- Complement versus Object

2008-06-05T14:52:00.007+07:00

We are usually confused about Object and Complement in an English sentence. Look at the following examples.

1a. The man likes a teacher. (a teacher is an object)

S V O

1b. The man is a teacher. (a teacher is a complement)

S V C

In the sentence 1a. a teacher is the object of the verb likes. An object is thing which completes the transitive verb. It fulfills the question what (for inanimate thing) and whom (for human). In example 1a. we can ask what does he like? The answer is a teacher. A teacher is the object of the word likes.

In the sentence ib. above, the teacher gives explanation to the subject the man. Therefore a teacher is a complement of the subject the man. it is not an object. That is why the pattern is S V C, not S V O like in 1a. We can identify the complement by the statement the man is a teacher and a teacher is a man. The man and a teacher are complementarary in the example 1b. That is why a teacher is a subject complement, or we usually call complement for short.

Complements are usually nouns or adjectives. Complements come after the linking verbs. The linking verbs are as follows:

be (am, is, are , was, were), look (tampak/kelihatan), taste (terasa/rasanya), smell (baunya/berbau), feel (merasa), appear (kelihatan), get (menjadi), become (menjadi), go (menjadi), remain (tetap), sound (kedengarannya), keep (tetap), turn (berubah)

Examples:

A. Complement

1. She is beautiful. (Dia cantik)

2. She looks beautiful. (Dia nampak cantik)

3. This food smells nice. (Makanan ini baunya enak)

4. I am a teacher. (saya guru/Saya adalah seorang guru)

5. Your plan sounds good. (Rencanamu kedengarannya baik)

6. His face turned pale. (Wajahnya berubah pucat)

7. This food tasetes delicious. (Makanan ini rasanya/terasa enak0

8. John becomes angry. (John menjadi marah)

etc.

Note: The underlined words in the examples above are complements

--------------------

B. Object

1. My father reads a novel.

2. She is writing a letter .

3. I love my mother.

4. She bought a car.

5. I met him.

6. He teaches English .

etc.

Note: All the underlined words above are objects

- ( different from ) and ( differ from )

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The word "differ" which in Indonesian language means 'berbeda' is a verb and must change forms to agree with the subject. The word "different" which is in Indonesian language means 'berbeda'is an adjective. Therefore we need to be (am, is, are, was, were) whenthe word different is used in a sentence. Both words are followed by the preposition "from" . Therefore the pattern is :

S + V differ(s) + from (berbeda dengan)
S + be + different + from (berbeda dengan)

Remember: The preposition used with differ and different must be "from", not with, of, at etc. although the meaning in Indonesia language is 'dengan'

Study the following examples :

• This book is different from that book. ('Buku ini berbeda dengan buku itu')
• This book differs from that book. ('Buku ini berbeda dengan buku itu')

Exercise: (Answer Keys are available in archive/arsip)

- Correct the following sentences.

01. Susan is different of other woman I know.

______________________________________ .

_______________________________________ .

02. This book different from the book on the table.

________________________________________

or
________________________________________

03. Lions differ tigers.

______________________

or
______________________

04. Soccer is different with rugby.

_____________________________ .

or
________________________________.

Online English courses: - The answer Key of the exercises " Rewrite and Correct The Following sentences".

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Rewrite and Correct The Following sentences.
(--> )the sign of correction (the Correct Answer)

1. My uncle work in a big office.
--> My uncle works in a big office.

2.That people are the students of Ahmad Dahlan University.
--> Those people are the students of Ahmad Dahlan University.

3. Water are important for our life.
--> Water is important for our life.

4. Was he play badminton three days ago?
--> Did he play badminton three days ago?

5. Umar always takes her wife to the market before he goes to his office.
--> Umar always takes his wife to the market before he goes to his office.

6. Each students of Ahmad Dahlan University must attend the general lecture.
--> Each student of Ahmad Dahlan University must attend the general lecture.

7. My father and me went to Canada two weeks ago.
--> My father and I went to Canada two weeks ago.

8. I came here together with, Andy, John, and she.
--> I came here together with, Andy, John, and her.

9. Does he see several plays when he was in New York?
--> Did he see several plays when he was in New York?

10. One of these very good English books are very expensive.
--> One of these very good English books is very expensive.

- Rewrite and correct the following sentences.

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Example:
I buy two book.
I buy two books. (the answer)

1. My uncle work in a big office.
___________________________________________
2.That people are the students of Ahmad Dahlan University.
___________________________________________________________
3. Water are important for our life.
_____________________________________

4. Was he play badminton three days ago?
______________________________________
5. Umar always takes her wife to the market before he goes to his office.
________________________________________________________
6. Each students of Ahmad Dahlan University must attend the general lecture.
____________________________________________________________
7. My father and me went to Canada two weeks ago.
________________________________________________
8. I came here together with, Andy, John, and she.
________________________________________________
9. Does he see several plays when he was in New York?
___________________________________________________
10. One of these very good English books are very expensive.
_________________________________________________________

- GERUND AND GERUND PHRASE (GP)

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Gerund is the ing-form verb which functions as a noun. Because Gerund functions as a noun, the poeition of Gerund in a sentence is the same as the position of a noun.

- The position of gerund is :
as a subject, an object, complement and an object of preposition (after prepositions)

- Gerund Phrase is GERUND + OBJECT/COMPLEMENT/ADVERB.

The examples of Gerund are in the following sentences:

1. Reading is a good hobby. (gerund as a subject)
2. My hobby is reading. (gerund as a complement)
3. She likes reading. (gerund as an object)
4. She is interested in reading. (gerund as an object of preposition)

The sentences below contain Gerund Phrase:

1. Reading magazines is a good hobby. (gerund phrase as a subject)

In this sentence Reading magazines is a Gerund Phrase which consists of Reading

(Gerund) + magazines (theobject of the gerund Reading)

2. My hobby is Swimming in the river. (gerund phrase as a complement)

In this sentence Swimming in the river is a gerund phrase which consists of Swimming

(Gerund) + in the river (the adverb of the gerund swimming)

3. She likes being a doctor. (gerund phrase as an object)

In this sentence being a doctor is a gerund phrase which consists of being (gerund) + a doctor (The complementof the gerund being)

4. She is interested in reading magazines. (gerund phrase as an object of preposition)

- Answer Key of Exercises of Passive Sentence Using Modal Auxiliary

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Exercises:

A. Change the sentences below into passive.

1. You must do this assignment.
--> This assignment must be done by you.

2. John can drive a car.
--> A car can be driven by John.

3. Sally will write a poem.
--> A poem will be written by her.

4. My fother will build a new house.
--> A new house will be built by my father.

5. He cannot answer the questions.
--> The questions cannot be answered by him.

6. Will Sony send the letter?
--> Will the letter be sent by Sony ?

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Pintu ini tidak dapat dibuka.
--> This door cannot be opened.

2. Apakah tugas ini dapat dikerjakan di rumah?
--> Can this assignment be done at home?

3. Surat ini akan diposkan besok.
--> This letter will be posted tomorrow.

4. Laporanmu harus dikumpulkan minggu depan.
--> Your report must be submitted next week.

5. Dinding ini harus dicat.
--> This wall must be painted.

- English Passive Sentence using Modal Auxiliary

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The pattern of English passive sentence using modal Auxiliaries is as follows:

S + MODAL + BE + VIII (Past Participle)

Modal Auxiliaries: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would rather, had better

Look at The examples below:

1. a. + (Active) She will send a letter.
---- + (Passive) A letter will be sent by her.

b. - (Active) She will not send a letter.
---- - (Passive) A letter will not be sent by her.

c. ? (Active) will she send a letter ?
---- ? (Passive) will a letter be sent by her ?

2. (active) She must do this homework.
-- (Passive) This homework must be done by her.

3. (Active) John can open this door.
-- (Passive) This door can be opened by John.

Exercises:

A. Change the sentences below into passive.

1. You must do this assignment.
2. John can drive a car.
3. Sally will write a poem.
4. My fother will build a new house.
5. He cannot answer the question.
6. Will sony send the letter?

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Pintu ini tidak dapat dibuka.
2. Apakah tugas ini dapat dikerjakan di rumah?
3. Surat ini akan diposkan besok.
4. Laporanmu harus dikumpulkan minggu depan.
5. Dinding ini harus dicat.

- The answer key of the exercises of passive sentence (present Perfect tense)

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Exercises:

A. Change the sentences into passive.

1. She has done the homework.
--> The homework has been done by her.

2. John has sold a car.
--> A car has been sold by John.

3. My sister has bought a house.
--> A house has been bought by my sister.

4. The manager has interviewed the apllicants.
--> The apllicatns have been interviewed by the manager.

5. Sally has written a letter.
--> A letter has been written by Sally.

B. Translate the Following Passive Sentences into English.

1. Suratku telah diposkan.
--> My letter has been posted.

2. Sebuah mobil baru telah dibeli oleh ayahku.
--> A new car has been bought by my father.

3. Lantai ini telah dibersihkan oleh pembantuku.
--> This floor has been cleaned by my servant.

4. Seorang pencuri telah ditangkap oleh polisi.
--> A thief has been arrested by the police.

5. Tugasmu telah dikerjakan oleh temanku.
--> Your assignment has been done by my friend.

- Passive Sentence (Present Perfect Tense)

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The pattern of the passive sentence of present perfect tense is as follows:

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VIII (Past Participle)

Look at the examples below:

1. (active) The people have studied English and French.
-- (passive) English and french have been studied by my sister.

2. (active) She has written a letter.
-- (passive) A letter has been written by her.

3. (active) Someone has broken my window.
-- (passive) My window has been broken by someone.

From the examples above, we know that to make passive sentences from active ones is changing the object of the active sentences to the subject of the passive sentences. The subject of the active sentence is changed to a prepositional phrase using the preposition by. The verb of the active sentence HAS/have + VIII is changed to HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VIII (present participle).

Exercises:

A. Change the sentences into passive.

1. She has done the homework.
2. John has sold his car.
3. My sister has bought a house.
4. The manager has interviewed the apllicants.
5. Sally has written a letter.

B. Translate the Following Passive Sentences into English.

1. Suratku telah diposkan.
2. Sebuah mobil baru telah dibeli oleh ayahku.
3. Lantai ini telah dibersihkan oleh pembantuku.
4. Seorang pencuri telah ditangkap oleh polisi.
5. Tugasmu telah dikerjakan oleh temanku.

- The answer Key Of The Exercises Of Passive Sentence (Past Tense)

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A. Change The sentences below into passive.

1. My father swept the floor.
--> The floor was swept by my father.

2. Jonathan cleaned my room.
--> My room was cleaned by Jonathan.

3. He read the novel last year.
--> The novel was read by him last year.

4. The people broke the old house.
--> The old house was broken by the people.

5. That man sold traditional medicine.
--> Traditional medicine was sold by that man.

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Rumahku dibangun tahun 1997.
--> My house was built in 1997.

2. Novel ini ditulis sepuluh tahun yang lalu.
--> This novel was written ten years ago.

3. Sejarah diajar oleh pak Ali tahun lalu.
--> Hystory was taught Mr. Ali last year.

4. Mobilku dijual bulan lalu.
--> My car was sold last month.

5. Radioku direparasi minggu lalu.
--> My radio was repaired last week.

- English Passive Sentence (Past Tense)

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The English passive sentence of past tense is made by using the to be (was or were) and past participle (VIII). The pattern is as follows.

PATTERN : S + was/were + VIII (PAST PARTICIPLE) +(by ....)

When the passive sentence is derived from the active one, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the subject of the active sentence is changed to be a prepositional phrase using the preposition by and it is palced in the final position of the sentence.

The following examples are the English passive sentences of past tense derived from the active sentences.

1a. + (Active) : My father wrote a report.
--- + (Passive) : A report was written by my father.

1b. - (active) : My father did not write a report.
--- - (Passive) : A report was not written by my father.

1c. ? (Active) : Did my father write a report?
--- ? (Passive) : Was a report written by my father?

2. (Active ) : The people broke the building.
---(Passive) : The building was broken by the people.

3. (Active) : Robert taught English.
---(Passive) : English was taught by Robert.

Exercises:
The answer key is available in other page of this blog (Click: Blog Archieve)

A. Change The sentences below into passive.

1. My father swept the floor.
2. Jonathan cleaned my room.
3. He read the novel last year.
4. The people broke the old house.
5. That man sold traditional medicine.

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Rumahku dibangun tahun 1997.
2. Novel ini ditulis sepuluh tahun yang lalu.
3. Sejarah diajar oleh pak Ali tahun lalu.
4. Mobilku dijual bulan lalu.
5. Radioku direparasi minggu lalu.

- English Passive Sentence (Present Continuous Tense)

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The English passive sentence of present continuous tense is made by adding the to be (am, is or are) and the word being before past participle (VIII). The pattern is as follows.

PATTERN : S + AM/IS/ARE/ + BEING + VIII (PAST PARTICIPLE) +(by ....)

When the passive sentence is derived from the active one, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the subject of the active sentence is changed to be a prepositional phrase using the preposition by and it is palced in the final position of the sentence.

The folowing examples are the English passive sentences of present continuos tense derived from the active sentences.

1. (Active) : My father is writing a report.
---(Passive) : A report is being written by my father.

2. (Active ) : The people are breaking the building.
---(Passive) : The building is being broken by the people.

3. (Active) : Robert is teaching English.
---(Passive) : English is being taught by Robert.

Exercises:
The answer key is available in other page of this blog (Click: Blog Archieve)

A. Change The sentences below into passive.

1. My father is sweeping the floor.
2. Jonathan is cleaning my room.
3. He is reading a novel.
4. The people are breaking the old house.
5. That man is selling traditional medicine.

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Kamarku sedang dicat oleh teman-temanku.
2. Sebuah laporan sedang di tulis oleh pak Agus.
3. Makan malam sedang dimasak oleh ibuku.
4. Sebuah lemari sedang dibuat pamanku.
5. PR sedang dikerjakan oleh anak laki-laki saya.

- The Answer key of Exercises of English Passive Sentences (Present Continuous Tense)

2008-05-20T12:54:00.003+07:00

Exercises:

A. Change The sentences below into passive.

1. My father is sweeping the floor.
--> The floor is being swept by my father.

2. Jonathan is cleaning my room.
--> My room is being cleaned by Jonathan.

3. He is reading a novel.
--> A novel is being read by him.

4. The people are breaking the old house.
--> The old house is being broken by the people.

5. That man is selling traditional medicine.
--> Traditional medicine is being sold by that man.

B. Translate the following passive sentences into English.

1. Kamarku sedang dicat oleh teman-temanku.
--> My room is being painted by my friends.

2. Sebuah laporan sedang di tulis oleh pak Agus.
--> A report is being written by Mr. Agus.

3. Makan malam sedang dimasak oleh ibuku.
--> The dinner is being cooked by my mother.

4. Sebuah lemari sedang dibuat pamanku.
--> A cupboard is being made by my uncle.
5. PR sedang dikerjakan oleh anak laki-laki saya.

- Answer Key of the exercise of Passive sentence (present Tense)

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1. She writes a letter every week.
--> A letter is written by her everyweek.

2. Edi cleans the room every morning.
--> The room is cleaned by Edi every morning.

3. My father teaches English.
--> English is taught by my father.

4. Ahmad buys a new car every year.
--> A new car is bought by Ahmad every year.

5. His mother sends money every month.
--> Money is sent by his mother every month.

- English Passive Sentence (Present Tense)

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The pattern of English Passive sentence Of Present tense is:

S + AM/IS/ARE + V3(Past Participle)

When the passive sentence is derived from the active one, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the subject of the active sentence is changed to be a prepositional phrase using the preposition by and it is palced in the final position of the sentence.

Examples:

1. Active Sentence: - He reads a book.
--Passive Sentence: - A book is read by him.

2. Active Sentence: - John helps Sally.
--Passive Sentence: - Sally is helped by John.

3. Active Sentence: - They do the homework.
--Passive Sentence: - The homework is done by them.

Exercises: Change the following sentences into Passive sentences.
(answer key is available in blog archive)

1. She writes a letter every week.
2. Edi cleans his room every morning.
3. My father teaches English.
4. Ahmad buys a new car every year.
5. His mother sends money every month.

- Adverbial Clause

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An adverbial clause is a dependent clause which functions as an adverb. It modifies the main clause. The subordinating conjunctions which are usually used in this clause are when, because, until, although, since, while, after, before, etc. Look at the examples below:

Examples (the underlined are adverbial clauses):
(a) When I was in Jakarta, I saw several plays.
(b) I saw several plays when I was in Jakarta.
(c) Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
(d) He went to bed because he was sleepy.
(e) I came to the meeting although I was busy.
(f) I go to campus after I have breakfast.
(g) I take a bath before I have breakfast.

Exercises:
Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an adverb clause. Use the
appropriate subordinating conjunction.

01. She took a bath. She went to campus.
02. She did not come to the meeting. He was sick.
03. The teacher was explaining the English clauses. Someone knocked at the door.
04. She has known him. He was a child.

Exercise: Choose the best answer.

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01. Robert: “ …………………….. “
Sarah: “ I love my mother.
A. Who you love ?
B. Who are you love ?
C. Whom love you ?
D. Whom do you love ?

02. “ ………………………………… “
“ John. “
A. Who did see Mary in Detroit ?
B. Who saw Mary in Detroit ?
C. Whom did saw Mary ?
D. Whom Mary see in Detroit ?

03 “ ………………………………….. “
“ My father works in a big company.
A. Where do he work ? C. Where does he work ?
B. Where did he work ? D. Where is he work ?

04. In the sentence The fat woman calls his husband papa, the pattern is ………………
A. S V IO DO
B. S V O A
C. S V O C
D. S V O

05. The pattern S V O A is in the sentence …………
A. He is reading a novel
B. I love honest people
C. He lives near the post office.
D. They are reading a book in the library.

06. “ ……………………… “
“ It costs 5000 dollars”.
A. How much does it cost ?
B. How much is it cost ?
C. How much it costs?
D. How many is it ?

07. At eight o’clock last night, I …………….. .
A. studied B. Study C. am studying D. was studying

08. My father, John, Tuti and ……….want to be able to speak English fluently.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine

09. My father …….. very diligent when he studied in university.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. did

10. ……. the very beautiful young woman come from Malaysia?
A. Are
B. Does
C. were
D. Do

- Exercise: Write the pattern of the following sentences. Number one is done for you.

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01. She is a student. ( S V C )
02. The man in my room gives the woman red flowers. ( ____________ )
03. Your skin feels soft and smooth. ( _____________________ )
04. The telegram surprised all my family. ( ____________________ )
05. A good wife will not make her husband disappointed. ( ___________________ )
06. The next-door neighbor bought a new car two weeks ago. ( __________________ )
07. He is sleeping in my room. ( ________________ )
08. My mother makes her children breakfast every morning.
09. The soup tastes very nice. ( ____________________ )
10. The student studies English seriously. ( _______________________ )

Exercise: Rewrite and correct the following sentences. Number one is done for you.

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01. I buy two book.
I buy two books.

02. My uncle work in a big office.
_________________________
03. That people are the students of Ahmad Dahlan University.
_______________________________________________
04. Water are important for our life.
__________________________
05. Was he play badminton three days ago?
__________________________________
06. Umar always takes her wife to the market before he goes to his office.
________________________________________________________
07. Each students of Ahmad Dahlan University must attend the general lecture.
____________________________________________________________
08. The meeting is very bad organized.
____________________________
09. I need an umbrella because it raining.
______________________________
10. Does he see several plays when he was in New York?
___________________________________________
11. That loud music sounds badly to me.
_____________________________

- Post Modifier (post.m) of Noun Phrase:

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Post modifier is a word or a group of words which come after the head word of a noun phrase. The types of post modifier are as follows:

- Single words

e.g. the boy here, the man outside, the girl there, etc.
det. H post.m det. H post.m. det. H post.m

- Prepositional phrase (PP)

Prepositional phrases are groups of words which begins with a preposition.
Prepositional phrase can be a preposition + noun or Preposition + noun phrase.

- the common formula of prepositional phrase is as follows:

P.P. = Prep. + N/NP.

PP = Prepositional phrase
Prep. = Preposition
N = Noun
NP = Noun Phrase

The following are prepositions:
in, on, at, for, from, to, under, above, by, with, without, near, after, before. beside, of, besides, etc.

The following are prepositional phrases:
at home, in the house, to school, with my friends, beside my house, etc.

The examples of prepositional phrases as modifiers are as follows:

The students in this class, The books on the table, The windows of my house
det. H Post.m (pp) det. H post.m (PP) det. H post.m (PP)

- Adjective clause (adj.CL)

A clause is a group of words which has a subject and a finite verb.
An adjective clause is a clause which functions as an adjective or a clause which modifies the noun in front of it.

e.g. The man who teaches English, The book which you bought
det. H post.m (adj.Cl) det. H post.m (adj. Cl)

- Present participial Phrase/Ving (pres.p)

e.g. The man standing there, the student sleeping in my room.
Det. H Post.m. (pres.p) det H Post.m. (pres.p)

- Past participial Phrase/V.3 (past.P)

e.g. The play written by Shakespeare , The car made in Japan
det. H post.m (past.p) det H post. M (past.p)

- To Infinitive Phrase

e.g. the opportunity to get a job
det. H post. M (to inf.phr)

Pre Modifier of a Noun Phrase

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Words which come before a head word of a noun phrase are called Pre Modifier. The kinds of pre modifiers are as follows:

1. Determiner (det). : all, the, a , this, that, these, those, some, any, many, much, a lot of, little, a little, few, a few, several, each, my, your, his, her, our, their, etc.

e.g. a book , all students, your house, much money, etc.
det. H det. H det. H det H

2. Number (num.): one, two, three, four, … , first, second, third, fourth, ….

e.g. two days, three ministers, the first person, the second woman, etc.
num. H Num. H det. num. H det. num. H

3. Adjective (adj.) including adjective phrase such as very beautiful, extremely important, fairly good etc.)

e.g. good books , those two very good pictures, the best student etc.

adj. H det. num. Adj. H det. adj. H

4. present participle /Ving (pres.p)

e.g. waiting rooms, no smoking area, two modern washing machine, etc.
pres. p H det. pres. p H num. adj. pres. p H

5. Past participle/V3 ((past.p) including adverb + past participle such as badly damaged, well written, seriously injured, etc.)

e.g. a written test, a badly managed program, spoken language, etc.
det. past.p H det. past p. H past. p H

6. Noun (N)

e.g. book cover, two good book covers, family life, etc.
N H num. adj. N H N H

Noun Phrase (NP)

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- Phrase is a group of words without subject and verb.
- Noun phrase is a phrase (a group of words without subject and verb) which has a noun as a head (core ) word.
- Words which come before a head word are called Pre Modifier and words which comes after a head word are called Post Modifier.

- The formula of a noun phrase is:

Pre-Modifier — H — Post Modifier
E
A
D

- A group of words in this case means more than one word, namely a head word with at least one pre or post modifier

Examples:

Books, rice, and money are nouns while two books, a book, much money, some rice,
a beautiful large garden and the students in the class are Noun Phrases.

a book
Pre M H
NP

a very good book on the table
Pre M H Post M
NP

- Sentence Pattern

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1. S V
- Noun/Noun Phrase (Intransitive)
- Pronoun
- Noun Equivalent

Examples:
- We breathe.
- All fish canswim
- All people will die
S V

2. S V C
- Noun/Noun Phrase ( be ) - Adjective
- Pronoun am, is, are, - Noun
- Noun Equivalent was were - adverb (Place)

Examples:
- They are here.
- The student is diligent.
- I am a teacher.
S V C

3. S V A
- Noun/Noun Phrase (intransitive) - time
- Pronoun - place
- Noun Equivalent - manner

Examples :
- The horse runs fast.
- The post office opens at seven.
- The lectures live near the campus.
S V A

4. S V O (A)
- Noun/Noun Phrase (Transitive) - Noun/Noun Phrase - time
- Pronoun - Pronoun - place
- Noun Equivalent - Noun Equivalent - manner

Examples:
- My brother is writing a letter.
- The woman ikes flowers.
- I Bought a book yesterday.
S V O (A)

5. S V O C
- Noun/Noun Phrase (Transitive) - Noun/Noun Phrase - Noun/Noun Phr.
- Pronoun - Pronoun - Adjective
- Noun Equivalent - Noun Equivalen

Examples:
- I name my daughter Nisrina.
- She makes me jealous
- We elected him our president
S V O C

6. S V I.O. D.O.
- Noun/Noun Phrase (Transitive) - Noun (usually - Noun/Noun Phrase
- Pronoun - person/living thing)
- Noun Equivalent - Pronoun

Examples:
- My wife will make me hot coffee.
- You must send your mother a letter.
- Sally has given John red flowers.
S V I.O. D.O.

- The types of English Question

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There are two types of question:

1. Yes/No Question
2. Wh- Question

1 Yes/No Question

- Yes/No question is the question which begins with auxiliary.
- The answer of yes/no question is yes or no.

Examples:
- Do you speak English? (Yes, I do/No, I don’t)
- Does she work ? (Yes, she does/No, she doesn't
- Is he at home? (Yes, she is/No she is not)
- Can I borrow your book? (Yes, you can/No you can't)
- Have you finished teaching? (Yes, I have/No, I haven't)
- Did he come here last night. (Yes he did/No I didn't)
- Was she studying when you came? (Yes She was/No, she wasn't)
- Will you go to the market tomorrow? (Yes, I will/No I will not)

2. Wh- Question

Wh-question is a question which begins with a question word ( who, what, when where, how, how old, how many, how much, what time, how often, etc.). There two types of Wh- Question:

1. Subject Question
2. Non Subject Question

Subject question is the question about the subject of the sentence. Non Subject question is the question about object, adverb, and so on but not the subject of the sentence. To know the difference, look at the examples below:

a. His wife goes to the market every morning.
1 2 3
1. Who goes to the market every morning? (who = His wife (subject question) )
2. Where does his wife go every morning? (where = to the market )
3. When does his wife go to the market? (when = every morning)

b. He is reading a novel.
4 5
4. Who is reading a novel? (who = he)
5. What is he reading ? (what = a novel)

c. Edi met Tuti yesterday.
6 7 8
6. Who met Tuti yesterday ? (who = Edi)
7. Whom did Edi meet yesterday ? (whom = Tuti)
8. When did Edi meet Tuti ? (when = yesterday)

d. She will go to Jakarta.
9 10
9. Who will go to Jakarta? ( who = she)
10. Where will she go ? (where = to Jakarta)

- am, is, are, was, were, do, does, or did.

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Fill the blanks with am, is, are, was, were, do, does, or did.
(The key is available below).

01. My parents ….. in Jakarta now.
02. ….. you have any stamps ? I need one now.
03. John …… not always study at night.
04. They ……. not play tennis last week.
05. Computer …… so popular in all level of people now.
06. When I came into his room, He ….. not there.
07. Where …… you last night ?
08. …… Edi and Sam swim once a week?
09. I …… not hungry now but last night I ……. very hungry.
10. Where ….. he go yesterday?
11. ……. your mother sweep the floor every morning?
12. I ….. not here last week.
13. The students ………. playing football now.
14. What ……… he doing when you entered his room?
15. We …….. discussing about the situation of our country at 11 o’clock last night.
16. Why …… you angry when she gave you something ?
17. Look! That man ……… trying to open the door of your car.
18. ……… the sun rise in the west ?
19. …… he a diligent student when he studied in senior high school?
20. His parents ………. not know that he works part time besides studying in a university.

1. are 2. do 3. does 4. did 5. is 6. was 7. were 8. do 9. am....was 10. did

11. does 12. was 13. are 14. was 15. were 16. were 17. is 18.does 19.was 20.do

- Exercises of Adjective Clauses

2008-04-03T07:29:00.003+07:00

Fill in the balks with who, whom, which, or whose.
(the key is available below)

01. He is the student ______ always arrives late.
02. Saudi Arabia is a country ______ exports oil all over the world.
03. Give it to the man ______ you already know.
04. Do you know the doctor ________ children I teach?
05. I like novels _______ deal with philosophical questions.
06. Everyone ______ took the tour was impressed by the paintings.
07. He was the only American ________ I saw at the conference.
08. The girl ______ father teaches English studies in UAD.
09. I come from the country ________ history goes back thousands of years.
10. I liked the composition _______ you wrote.
11. The book _______ you read is good.
12. The man ________ works in a bank is my uncle.
13. I met the woman ________ husband teaches English in UAD.
14. The boy ______ you teach is my son.
15. Do you know the man ________ is standing there?

Key: 1. who 2. which 3. whom 4. whose 5. which 6. who 7. whom 8. whose

9. whose 10. which 11. which 12. who 13. whose 14. whom 15. who

- Adjective Clause Using "whose"

2008-04-03T06:44:00.006+07:00

The relative pronoun whose is used to relate the adjective clause which contains possessive adjective pronoun. Look at the examples below:

1. The girl can speak Japanese language.
Her father teachis English.
-> The girl whose father teaches English can speak Japanese language

2. The man teaches English.
His wife teaches Mathematics.
-> The man whose wife teaches Mathematics teaches English.

3. The woman can speak English fluently.
Her son is my friend.
-> The woman whose son is my friend can speak English fluently.

4. I study in a university.
Its students come from many countries.
-> I study in a university whose students come from many countries.

- Online English Courses: - Adjective clause using "which"

2008-03-31T09:49:00.006+07:00

The relative pronoun which is used to combine adjective clause with the noun which is not human (thing). To know the use of which as the relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:

1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.

2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.

The relative pronoun which can be replaced by that. Therefore, the examples above can be shown as follows:

1. The book is very good.
It (the book) is on the table.
--> The book which is on the table is very good.
--> The book that is on the table is very good.

2. The car was very expensive.
I bought it (the car) yesterday.
--> The car which I bought yesterday was expensive.
---> The car that I bought yesterday was expensive.

- Online English Courses: - Adjective Clause using "who" and "whom"

2008-03-29T11:13:00.006+07:00

Adjective clause is a clause (a construction containing S V)which functions as an adjctive. This clause modifies a noun preceeding it. When the noun is human as subject, the subordinative conjunction used is who while whom is used with the noun which is human as an object. To know the different use of who and whom as relative pronouns of adjective clause, look at the examples below:

1. The man is my father.
He (the man) teaches English.
--> The man who teaches English is my father.

2. The man is my father.
You met him (the man) yesterday.
--> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.

3. I meet the man.
He works in a bank.
-->I meet the man who works in a bank.

4. I meet the man.
Sally loves him (the man).
--> I meet the man whom Sally loves.

- Online English Courses: Noun Clause derived from Statement

2008-03-29T06:33:00.005+07:00

To make a noun clause derived from statement is easier than that of derived from Wh. Question. We only add the suobordinative conjunction that to the statement altered to be a noun clause.

The examples of the statements are as follows:

1. She is a good student.
2. He cannot speak English.
3. John works in Jakarta.

The noun clause derived from the above statements are shown below:

1. Statement : She is a good student.
Noun Clause : I think that she is a good student. (Noun Clause as an object)
2. Statement : He cannot speak English.
Noun Clause : That he cannot speak English is a fact. (Noun Clause as a suvject)

3. Statement : John works in Jakarta.
Noun Clause : I know that John works in Jakarta. (Noun Clause as an object)

- Online English Courses: - Simple Sentence

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Simple sentence is a sentence which has one independent clause ( one subject and one predicate or one construction of S V)). An Independent clause is a clause which can stand alone as a sentence. The examples of simple sentence is as follows:

1. I am a teacher.
2. The young beautiful girl studies in Ahmad Dahlan University in Yogyakarta.
3. My father bought a new car last month.
4. The teacher looks tired.
5. They are watching TV.

- Online English Courses : - Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2008-03-28T06:21:00.004+07:00

Pattern:
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN +V ING
This tense is used to show the duration of an activity which started in the past and continues to the present. It is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day, all week .

Examples:
Ahmad is talking on the phone. He has been talking on the phone for over a half an hour. He should hung up soon. Long distance is expensive.

- Online English Courses: - Noun Clause Derived from Wh Question

2008-03-22T14:05:00.006+07:00

Noun Clause can be derived from Wh Questions. The structure of Noun Clause in this pattern is different from that of the Wh Question. In All Wh questions (except Subject question), the auxiliary precedes the subject. Look at the examples of Wh question:

1 Where does he go everyday ?
2. Where did he go last night?
3. Why is he here every night?
4. When will he come here?
5. Who sweeps this floor everyday? (does is not necessary; it is a question about sbject.)
6.What is she reading ?
7. Who is at the door? (Subject question.)

The Noun Clause derived from the questions above can be seen below. The italized is Noun Clause. The bold is the important thing to be paid attention to.

1. Question : Where does he go everyday?
Noun Clause : I know where he goes everyday. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : I know where does he do everyday)

2. Question : Where did he go last night?
Noun Clause : No body knows where he went last night. (Noun Clause as an object)
(Wrong : No body knows where did he go last night.)

3. Question : Why is he here every night? Noun Clause : Why he is here every night is not my bussiness. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : Why is he here every night is not my bussiness. )

4. Question : When will he come here?
Noun Clause : I wonder when he will come. (Noun clause as an object)
(Wrong: I wonder when will he come.)

5. Question : Who sweeps this floor everyday?
Noun Clause : Does she know who sweeps the floor every day? (Noun clause as an object)

6. Question : What is she reading ?
Noun Clause : What she is reading is a good novel. (Noun Clause as a subject)
(Wrong : What is she reading is a good novel.)

7. Question : Who is at the door?
Noun Clause : I don't know who is at the door. (Noun Clause as an object)

- Online English Course: - Adjective Clause

2008-03-22T10:14:00.002+07:00

Adjective Clause is a dependent clause which functions an adjective, which modifies noun. The subordinating conjunctions used in adjective clause are that, who, whom, whose, which, where and when. Look at the examples below. The italic clauses are adjective clauses.

1. The man who is standing there is my father.
2. I know the man whom you love.
3. The book which is on the table is mine.
4. Yogyakarta is the city where I was born.
5. Sunday is the day when I met her.
6. She met the woman that you met.
7. The book that you are reading is good.
8. Th student that is from China can speak English fluently.
9. The girl whose father teaches English is my friend.

- Noun Clause

2008-03-14T16:19:00.005+07:00

Noun Clause (NCL) is a dependent clause which functions as a noun. The position of a noun clause in a sentence is the same as that of noun or noun phrase. Noun clause can become the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.

(Noun Clause adalah jenis dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda). Posisi noun clause dalam kalimat sama dengan fungsi noun atau noun phrase; yaitu bisa sebagai subject, object, atau complement suatu kalimat.)

Look at the examples below:

1. What you do is true. (NCL as a subject)
(Apa yang kau lakukan benar.)

2. That she can speak many languages is a fact. (NCL as a subject)
(Bahwa dia bisa berbicara banyak bahasa adalah fakta.)

3. I know what you do every night.(NCL as an object)
(Saya tahu apa yang kau kerjakan tiap malam.)

4. She knows that you love her. (NCL as an object)
(Dia tahu bahwa kau mencintainya.)

5. This is what you want. (NCL as a complement)
(Ini adalah apa yang kau inginkan.)

- Online English Courses: - There is/are/will be/ … (ada…)

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- There is/was + S (singular/uncountable noun) …… (ada….)
- There are/were + S (Plural) ……. (ada….)
- There is/was/are/were not …… (tidak ada…)
- Is/was/are/were there + S ……. (adakah/apakah ada….)

Examples:

• There is a book on the table.
(ada sebuah buku di atas meja)

• There is much water in my well.
(ada banyak air di sumurku)

• There are two men in the street.
(ada dua orang dijalan)

• There were 30 people attending the meeting yesterday.
(ada 30 orang yang menghadiri rapat kemarin.)

• There will be a concert tomorrow.
(akan ada konser besok)

• There must be an air condition in each class.
(harus ada AC di tiap kelas.)

• There used to be a big building near this river.
(dulu ada sebuah bangunan besar di dekat sungai ini.)

Exercises:

a. Fill in the blank with is or are.

01. There ……… many Chinese shops along that street.
02. There ……… a little path to that house.
03. There ……….. two narrow windows on the wall of that room.
04. There ………. two more persons dying in the hospital.
05. There ……….. an important letter left in the taxi.
06. There……… no more time for the examination.
07. There ………. not many students interested in this matter.
08. There ………… much trouble in your way.
09. Hanging on the nail, there ………… an old gun.
10. To put him into prison, there …………… not enough strong evidences.
11. There ………. enough people to help you.
12. In that old big box there …….. a skeleton, necessary for the investigation.

b. Translate into English.

01. Ada sepuluh orang di kelas ini.
02. Ada cukup uang untuk membeli sebuah buku.
03. Ada sesuatu untuk anda.
04. Ada banyak menteri di pertemuan itu.
05. Tidak ada buku di atas mejamu.
06. Apakah ada banyak kursi di ruangan itu?
07. Berapa banyak siswa ada dalam kelas itu?
08. Ada sebuah rumah sakit disamping rumahku.
09. Ada banyak binatang di kebun binatang itu tahun lalu.
10. Akan ada sebuah pertandingan sepak bola besok.
11. Harus ada lampu lalu lintas di perempatan jalan itu.
12. Ada sebuah universitas yang bagus di Yogyakarta.

- Online English courses: - Present Perfect Tense

2008-03-10T07:08:00.008+07:00

Pattern :
(Pola : )
S + HAVE/HAS + V. III (PAST PARTICIPLE)

S (he, she, it, singular/uncountable noun) + has + V. III (past participle)
S ( they, we, I, you, plural noun) + have + V. III (past participle)

Presen Perfect Tense is used to express something which is perfectly completed now. The exact time when it happened is not important. when the specific past time is mentioned, past tense is used.
(present perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sekarang telah selesai dilakukan. Kapan waktu sesuatu itu telah selesai dilakukan tidaklah penting, yang penting sekarang sudah. Kalau ada keterangan waktu lampau disebutkan, maka Past Tense lah yang digunakan.)

Examples:
Contoh:

- She has gone. (dia telah/sudah pergi)
- I have moved into a new house. (Saya telah pindah ke rumah baru)
- He has finished teaching (Dia telah selesai mengajar)

But

- She went last night. (Dia pergi tadi malam)
- I moved to a new apartment yesterday. (Saya pindah ke rumah baru kemarin)
- He finished teaching three hours ago. (Dia selesai mengajar tiga jam yang lalu)

Present Perfect is also used to express a situation that began in the past and continues to the present. In this case the adverb of time using since and for is used.
(Prsent Perfect juga digunakan untuk menyatakan situasi yang dimulai diwaktu lampau dan berlanjut sampai sekarang. Di sini keterangan waktu yang menggunakan since dan for digunakan.)

Examples:
(Contoh:)

• She has been here since seven o’clock. (Dia telah disini sejak jam tujuh)
• I have known him for many years. (Saya telah kenal dia selama bertahun-tahun)

since + a particular time (sine + titik waktu)
for + a duration of time (for + lamanya waktu/durasi waktu)

Exercise: Use simple past Tense or present perfect Tense.
(Latihan: Gunakan Simple Past Tense atau Present Perfect Tense.)

1. Claudio (go) ……………. to a party at Susi’s apartment last Saturday night.
2. Ahmad (arrive) ………………. here three days ago.
3. Jono (be) ……………. here since last week.
4. Last January, I (see) …………. snow for the first time in my life.
5. In her whole lifetime, Salma (never, see) ……………… snow.
6. I (know) …………… Sharly for ten years.
7. I (be) ……….. in Jakarta last year.
8. Fatimah’s hair (be) ……. dirty two hours ago. Now it is clean. She (wash) …… her hair.

Key: 1. went, 2. arrived, 3. has been, 4. saw, 5. has never seen, 6. have known, 7. was, 8. was, has washed